ASJ - Academic Science Journal
type: channel
description: ASJ adopts a double-blind peer review process to ensure transparency, objectivity, and academic integrity. All submissions undergo strict evaluation to maintain scientific excellence and originality. The journal follows an Open Access publishing model, offering free and unrestricted access to published articles to support global knowledge sharing and academic visibility. Committed to ethical publishing practices and international editorial standards, ASJ welcomes contributions from researchers worldwide and aims to promote scientific innovation, strengthen international collaboration, and support the advancement of modern scientific research.
publisher: College of Science - University of Diyala
language: en
publication name: ASJ - Academic Science Journal
issn: 2958-4612
items: Action Theory of Fuzzy Bornological Groups
items: Study of some biochemical factors among patients with Hepatitis C virus in Diyala Governorate
items: Phytoremediation Technique for Pesticide-Contaminated Environments as a Green and Eco-Friendly Approach: A Review
items: Detection of Some Virulence Factors and aac(6)Ib Resistance Gene in Clinical Proteus mirabilis isolates
items: A Hybrid Binary and Multi-Class Classification Model for Network Intrusion Detection
items: Thermostable Lipase from Geothermal Thermophiles: Biochemical Characterization and Industrial Application Potential
items: 1A and 4A Genotypes of Hepatitis C Virus and Their Influence on Some Biochemical and Hematological Changes in Infected Iraqi Patient
items: The New Stochastic Differential Equations Model for Controlling the Spread of Viral Diseases: HIV as an Example
items: A Preliminary Survey for Mosses in Nurseries of Mosul City With New Record of Three Species
items: The Importance of Biochemical Markersin Diagnosing,Managing and Predicting Diabetes Mellitus
items: Appraisal the Importance of Dehydroepiandrosterone, Metabolites, and Genus Aspergillus in Cancer research
items: Evaluation of the Proposed Hand Vein Authentication System using Machine Learning
items: A Numerical Study of Linear Two-Points Boundary Value Problems with ODEs of Fourth-Order Using RKM Method
items: Review on Eco-friendly Green Synthesis Methods of Tungsten OxideNanoparticles
items: Relation between Renal Function and Insulin Resistance of Type 2 Diabetic Iraqi Patients
items: Review Article: Tumor Markers, Types and Clinical Applications
items: Investigate the levels of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1) in the sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis
items: Performance evaluation of a 980nm laser system in varying atmospheric conditions
items: Continuous User Verification in Cloud Storage Services using Deep Learning
items: Identification study of soil fungi in different areas of Diyala governorate
items: Intelligent Antenna Array Systems for Modern Communication Networks
items: A Assessing the connection between rheumatoid arthritis and the interleukin IL36 level in tonsillitis patients in the Diyala Governorate
items: Efficient Solutions for Multi-criteria Sequencing Problem by Using Modified Algorithm
items: Effect of DNA Damage on the Development of Diabetes Mellitus due toIonizing Radiation Exposure
items: Characterization of Morphological and Optical Properties of MgO:SnO2 Nanostructure Thin Films
items: Annealing Effect on Structural and Optical Properties of 〖Cd〗_(0.91) 〖Ni〗_(0.09)o Thin Films Prepared by Chemical Spray Pyrolysis
items: Investigating the effect of some physical and nutritional factors on Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilm formation
items: Numerical Studied for Solving Fuzzy Integro-Differential Equations via Caputo Fractional Derivative
items: A Posteriori Error Analysis of the FEM Solution for Generic Linear Second-Order ODEs
items: A Review on Development Prospect of CMTS Based Thin Film Solar Cells

Action Theory of Fuzzy Bornological Groups
type: item
description: This paper explores the action theory of fuzzy bornological groups. We investigate the scenario where a fuzzy bornological group acts on a fuzzy bornological set such that the action map is fuzzy bounded. Initially, we establish that both left and right translation functions are fuzzy bounded maps. This motivates us to consider a new action called a fuzzy bounded action. The primary goal of studying this action is to examine the effects of the fuzzy bornological groups on the fuzzy bornological sets by partitioning the fuzzy bornological sets into orbits. Furthermore, we define an invariant subset of under the fuzzy bounded action of . Furthermore, the intersection and the union for a collection of invariant fuzzy bounded sets are also invariant fuzzy bounded sets. Finally, we characterize the orbital structure and prove a fundamental result a fuzzy bornological group action effectively partitions the fuzzy bornological set into orbits through fuzzy bornological isomorphism.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: pure mathematics
  topic: subjects
creator: Anwar Imran
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
starting page: 126
ending page: 138
doi: 10.24237/04.01.831

Study of some biochemical factors among patients with Hepatitis C virus in Diyala Governorate
type: item
description: The HCV leads Hepatitis can be either acute or chronic, with severity levels that can vary from a mild illness lasting a couple of weeks to a severe, lifelong condition, and it's a leading cause of liver cancer. HCV is transmitted through blood, and the most common way people get infected is by coming into contact with small amounts of blood. This study set out to look into how widespread the serological marker (anti-HCV Ab) is among the groups being examined.to (renal dialysis patients, thalassemia patients, blood donor and healthy control) in Diyala, Iraq. The current study was held in Diyala province between the times/ from January/2025 to September / 2025. This study included 360 participants. The Mean ± SD of age was 30.0 ±17.5 years with a range (3-69) years. The majority are men, (76.9% versus ±23.1%). This study were included four groups (90 patients under renal dialysis, 90 patients with thalassemia blood donors group consist of 90 individuals and another 90 individuals were included as healthy control). Special survey was pre-constructed to collect information regarding age, sex, residence and education level. The information was collected through short personal interview with patients. The results in this study showed 36 (10%) were positive for anti-HCV Abs with 32.2% and 7.8% among the renal dialysis and thalassemia groups respectively with a statistically high difference (P= 0.0001). However, all participants in the blood donors and healthy individuals were negative for anti-HCV Ab. According to social factors the results of anti-HCV Ab founded the age, the results showed that the anti-HCV Ab positivity rate was significantly higher among 50-59 years old compared to other age groups (P= 0.0001). While the other social factors (gender, residence and education) the results was statistically insignificant. Finally, Results revealed the distribution of anti-HCV Ab positivity rate according to biochemical markers (Glucose test, Blood urea test, Creatinine te…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Hepatitis C virus, anti- HCV Abs, hepatitis infection, ALT liver enzyme and AST liver enzyme
  topic: keywords
subject: BIOLOGY
  topic: subjects
creator: Saba Adnan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
starting page: 158
ending page: 164
doi: 10.24237/04.01.829

Phytoremediation Technique for Pesticide-Contaminated Environments as a Green and Eco-Friendly Approach: A Review
type: item
description: Phytoremediation, or bioremediation, is the use of plants and their rhizosphere's microorganisms to contain, remove, transform, or detoxify pollutants in soil, water, or air. This eco-friendly method has become a very effective strategy for addressing pesticide contamination, one of the major global environmental issues, and has even been proven in scientific circles. The review's main purpose is to present phytoremediation in detail to the world as a sustainable, environmentally friendly technology for the cleanup of pesticide-contaminated soils. The review integrates the latest information on bioremediating plants and, at the same time, emphasizes recent developments in different plant species proficient at accumulating or degrading pesticide residues. Among the major phytoremediation mechanisms are phytoextraction, wherein the contaminants are taken up and stored in the plant parts that can be easily collected; phytodegradation, which is the process of breaking down the pollutants by plants and their associated microorganisms' metabolic activities; phytostabilization, preventing the contamination spread and the toxins being taken up by living organisms in soils and sediments; phytovolatilization, the conversion of the less toxic forms of the pollutants and their release into the atmosphere; and rhizofiltration, the practice whereby the roots of the plants act as filters to remove contaminants from the water supplying them. Together, the above-stated mechanisms play a significant role in reducing the toxicity of pesticides and their persistence in the environment. The review points out the pros and cons of efficiency between phytoremediation and conventional methods, the latter often being very expensive, energy-intensive, and environmentally damaging. In conclusion, phytoremediation is a cost-effective, environmentally friendly option for large-scale pesticide cleanup, helping nature recover and protecting the environment for the long term.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Phytoremediation , Pesticides, Sustainable, Eco-friendly, Pollutants, Environment
  topic: keywords
subject: Phytoremediation , Pesticides, Sustainable, Eco-friendly, Pollutants, Environment
  topic: subjects
creator: Khalid Dheyaa Abdulwahid
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
starting page: 82
ending page: 91
doi: 10.24237/04.01.803

Detection of Some Virulence Factors and aac(6)Ib Resistance Gene in Clinical Proteus mirabilis isolates
type: item
description: The Proteus mirabilis. are opportunistic members of Enterobacteriaceae ,accounting for 10% of urinary tract infections and other primary clinical infections. They produce beta-lactamases that can confer resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of some virulence factors with antimicrobial resistance and molecular characteristics of aac-Ib gene The current study have been included 250 specimens were collected from urine sample, wound, burn, diabetic foot, and vaginal swabs conducted in Baquba Teaching Hospital, Al-Batool Teaching Hospital, and AlKhalis hospital in Diyala province during the period extended from August 2023 to January 2024. A total of 250 specimens Isolates were identified by morphological form on blood agar and macConkey agar, traditional biochemical tests. The results showed that 75 isolates were identified as P. mirabilis (30%) consisted of 35 isolates (46.7%) obtained from urine, 8 isolates (10.7%) obtained from wound, 10 isolates (13.3%) obtained from burns and diabetic foot and 12 isolates (16%) obtained from vaginal swabs. The higher rate of positive isolates were recorded in urine samples. Females isolation rate was much more than in males 60% and 40% respectively and patients age group 21- 30 year was more prevalence than other groups. It was found that the more effective antibiotic against isolates was the norfloxacin followed by levofloxacin, where all isolates were sensitive to it. On the other hand, the less effective antibiotics were amikacin and oxacillin when they were resisted by all isolates.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: P. mirabilis, biofilm, amikacin, virulent factors, PCR, aacIb
  topic: keywords
subject: biology
  topic: subjects
creator: Israa Faiz Ahmad
creator: Iman Abbas Ali
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-01
publication date: 2025-07-01
starting page: 296
ending page: 312
doi: 10.24237/ASJ.03.03.878B

A Hybrid Binary and Multi-Class Classification Model for Network Intrusion Detection
type: item
description: Intrusion detection is a cornerstone in computer networks, maintaining privacy and ensuring availability and security. However, the larger the number of features involved in the intrusion detection process, the more complex it becomes. Therefore, reducing the number of features is necessary. Feature selection techniques can effectively enhance the classifiers' performance by eliminating redundant or irrelevant features. Two powerful models were introduced for anomaly-based intrusion detection based on a binary classifier and a multi-classifier, which both depend on a modified firefly algorithm (FFA) for feature selection. Support Vector Machine (SVM) and K-Nearest Neighbour classifiers have been used to evaluate both models over the NSL-KDD dataset. The first and second models have been used for attack classification to distinguish between normal and abnormal traffic, and between four types of attacks, including Denial of Service Attack (DoS), User to Root Attack (U2R), Remote to Local Attack (R2L), Probing Attack, and the normal case, respectively. The models were evaluated for classification accuracy and the number of features. The first model achieved 98% accuracy with 7 selected features, while the second achieved 97% accuracy with 11 selected features.
subject: paper
  topic: section
subject: Intrusion Detection, Feature Selector, NSL-KDD dataset, Firefly Algorithm, Support Vector Machine, and K-Nearest Neighbor.
  topic: keywords
subject: Intrusion detection system
  topic: subjects
creator: Karrar Alwan
creator: Ahmed Saad
creator: Abdelaziz Abohamama
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
starting page: 131
ending page: 147
doi: 10.24237/04.01.752

Thermostable Lipase from Geothermal Thermophiles: Biochemical Characterization and Industrial Application Potential
type: item
description: Thermophilic lipase-producing microorganism’s present important industrial benefits owing to their stability and catalytic activity under extreme environmental conditions. This study sought to isolate and somewhat purify thermostable lipases from thermophilic bacteria collected from geothermal soils in (Hajj Yousef and Qaymawa, Iraq). A total of 68 samples were collected from hot springs at various depths and analyzed for lipase production utilizing tributyrin agar. Promising isolates were identified as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thermoleovorans, and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. The lipase enzyme was purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation trailed by size-exclusion chromatography, yielding a 12-fold purification with 65% recuperation. SDS-PAGE revealed a single protein band of ~35 kDa. The enzyme exhibited optimum activity at 70°C and pH 9.0 and retained 85% activity at 80°C and in alkaline pH. Kinetic analysis showed a Km of 2.1 mM and Vmax of 120 U/mg. The enzyme demonstrated substrate specificity toward olive oil and stability in methanol, Ca2+, and SDS. Application trials confirmed 92% conversion of used oil to biodiesel and 80% fat degradation in wastewater. These findings highlight the enzyme's potential in sustainable biotechnology.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Microbial lipases
  topic: keywords
subject: Thermostable enzymes
  topic: keywords
subject: Biodiesel production
  topic: keywords
subject: Enzyme purification
  topic: keywords
subject: Thermophilic bacteria
  topic: keywords
subject: Industrial biotechnology
  topic: keywords
subject: Enzymes
  topic: subjects
subject: triacylglycerol acyl hydrolases, EC 3.1.1.3
  topic: subjects
subject: Industrial biotechnology
  topic: subjects
creator: ziyad Radeef
creator: Shahad Abduljabbar Mohammed
creator: Ali Almamoori
creator: Hayder Mohammed
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-01
publication date: 2025-10-01
starting page: 303
ending page: 321
doi: 10.24237/ASJ.03.04.996D

1A and 4A Genotypes of Hepatitis C Virus and Their Influence on Some Biochemical and Hematological Changes in Infected Iraqi Patient
type: item
description: Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) causes about 70 million chronic infections, posing a serious threat to global health. This study aimed to determine the most common HCV genotypes and their effects on liver enzyme and hematological parameter concentrations in Iraqi patients. This study examined 100 untreated HCV cases (infected Iraqi patients; age mean±SD: 41.99±16.78 years) and 100 uninfected HCV cases (control group; age mean±SD: 39.64±13.55 years). The study was conducted from January 2024 to October 2024 at Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital in Baghdad, Iraq Viral genotypes were determined by real-time PCR. Statistical analysis showed a significant increase in hematological parameters, with hemoglobin and PLT levels being significantly higher in infected patients compared to the control group (p<0.05). Similarly, liver enzymes were also increased in Iraqi patients infected with genotypes 1A and 4A of hepatitis C virus (HCV), Patients with the 4A genotype were older on average and showed a greater influence on laboratory parameters, possibly due to a weakened immune response associated with advanced age. In addition, Iraqi patients infected with HCV showed a higher prevalence of the 1A genotype (57%) compared to the 4A genotype (43%). This paper contributes to understanding the relationship between genotypes of HCV and changes in biochemical and hematological parameters by providing accurate information that helps in making evidence-based medical decisions that meet the patients' needs more accurately and effectively.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: 1A genotype,
  topic: keywords
subject: 4A genotype,
  topic: keywords
subject: Hepatitis C virus, anti- HCV Abs, hepatitis infection, ALT liver enzyme and AST liver enzyme
  topic: keywords
subject: Hematological parameters,
  topic: keywords
subject: Liver enzymes.
  topic: keywords
subject: Biochemical and Hematological Effects of HCV Genotypes 1A and 4A in Iraqi Patients”
  topic: subjects
creator: DHUHA SABAH
creator: Aliyah Salman
creator: Alea Farhan
creator: Muhana Oweed
creator: sara thamer
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 6
doi: 10.24237/04.01.724

The New Stochastic Differential Equations Model for Controlling the Spread of Viral Diseases: HIV as an Example
type: item
description: The main goal of presenting this manuscript is to study the dynamic activities of HIV spread and how to prevent it. The disease behavior was studied by proposing a new stochastic mathematical model. The solution's existence and uniqueness for the proposed mathematical model have been proven. We have also demonstrated the restrictions that must be met for society to rid itself of the scourge of the transmission of HIV by finding the basic reproduction rate. if the basic reproduction rate is less than one this means the disease-free point is stable. Conversely, if the basic reproduction rate is greater than one this means the disease - free point is unstable. The theoretical results were proven numerically through computer simulation using MATLAB.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: HIV disease, Basic reproduction rate, Computer simulation, Disease-free point, Stochastic differential equations.
  topic: keywords
subject: HIV disease, Basic reproduction rate, Computer simulation, Disease-free point, Stochastic differential equations.
  topic: subjects
creator: Ahmed kareem
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-06
publication date: 2025-10-06
starting page: 115
ending page: 132
doi: 10.24237/ASJ.03.04.970A

A Preliminary Survey for Mosses in Nurseries of Mosul City With New Record of Three Species
type: item
description: The collection and study of Bryophyte plants in Mesopotamia began in the 16th century AD through the expeditions that flourished at that time. Since that time up to 2025, all published works, on this plant group, were limited to the country's natural ecosystems, while man-made ecosystems were completely neglected. This was the motivation behind directing our efforts toward artificial or man-made ecosystems and conduct a preliminary survey for the species inhabiting them, in order to supplement the available information about them. The present contribution is considered the first survey in Iraq related with the mosses of the manmade ecosystems (i.e.) the nurseries. Mosul city center was chosen for this purpose. The survey covered 7 nurseries, all located in the left side of Tigris river. The results revealed that the recorded species belong to one class of division Bryophyta, 5 orders, 6 families, 11 genera and 19 species, among them, the following three species: Bryum muehlenbeckii Bruch & Schimp., Entosthodon fasicularis (Hedwig) Müller Hal. and Leptobryum pyriforme (Hedw.) Wilson were considered new addition to the Iraqi bryoflora. Distribution of the species in the nurseries and the richness of each nursery with moss species were widely varied.
subject: paper
  topic: section
subject: Mosses, Nurseries, Mosul
  topic: keywords
subject: mosses, nurseries, Mosul city
  topic: subjects
creator: Basheer Al-Ni'ma
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
starting page: 148
ending page: 157
doi: 10.24237/04.01.680

The Importance of Biochemical Markersin Diagnosing,Managing and Predicting Diabetes Mellitus
type: item
description: Diabetes is a widespread and intricate metabolic illness marked by persistent high blood sugar because of flaws in insulin production, insulin activity, or both. Current treatments don't address the disease's complete development, and management often fails because individual traits vary. People may experience either a metabolic pathway becoming inactive or over stimulated, which can lead to different levels of blood sugar control. Biochemical markers of this condition are very important for early detection, management, and diagnosis because clinical symptoms alone are often not reliable. The focus of treatment should be on results, including supporting mental health care. Diabetes is growing around the world, especially in developing regions where healthcare access is spotty. Therefore, investigating how precision medicine, along with biometrics and biochemical data, can augment existing methods is of value. These sources of data could improve health outcomes and reduce future problems. Samples were taken from patients from several hospitals in Diyala Governorate: Baquba Teaching Hospital, Al-Zahraa Hospital, and Al-Khalis Hospital. This investigation included 90 patients with various forms of diabetes (T1DM, T2DM, and gestational), aged 25 to 70, with a male to female ratio of 38/52. The distribution of diabetes types was as follows: T2DM (47/90), T1DM (17/90), and gestational diabetes (26/90). Sample collection took place over 10 months. This investigation sought to examine diabetes cases and the function of biochemical markers (HbA1c, LDL, and triglycerides) along with biometric variables (body weight and BMI) in creating specific treatments. The results showed better blood sugar control and lowered heart issue risk. Treatment plans considering individual biochemistry helped lower blood sugar and reduce body inflammation. Doctors may improve patient care by creating plans based on individual needs, rather than using a standard approach. The findings suggest that…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Gestational diabetes
  topic: keywords
subject: Insulin resistance
  topic: keywords
subject: biomarker Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: HbA1c
  topic: keywords
subject: biochemistry
  topic: subjects
subject: Diagenesis processes
  topic: subjects
creator: Ali Sabah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-01
publication date: 2025-07-01
starting page: 200
ending page: 213
doi: 10.24237/ASJ.03.03.962A

Appraisal the Importance of Dehydroepiandrosterone, Metabolites, and Genus Aspergillus in Cancer research
type: item
description: Steroids are natural compounds found in animals, plants, fungi, and some bacteria. Microbial transformation plays a critical role in the biotransformation of steroids, enabling the production of compounds with high regional and spatial selectivity. Cancer remains one of the most significant scientific challenges, causing millions of deaths each year. Consequently, major research efforts are focused on discovering new therapies, particularly due to the emergence of certain fungi that exhibit anticancer properties, which could lead to innovative treatments. Metabolites, which are intermediate products of biochemical processes in living organisms, are essential for clinical diagnosis. Therefore, accurate detection of their concentrations is crucial. In this work, I will describe an experiment published at the 1st International Karatekin Science and Technology Congress, held from September 1-3, 2022 in Çankırı, Turkey. The aim is to clarify the inputs, outputs, and processes to enhance the understanding of the key concepts discussed here. The experiment focused on incubating dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) with Aspergillus glaucus, which primarily resulted in the production of several hydroxylated metabolites. Discussing this experiment as one of the experiments that produces metabolites as a result of the biotransformation of steroids may have a major role in the development of promising treatments for cancer.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Biotransformation, Steroids, Metabolism, Aspergillus species, Anti-cancer agents.
  topic: keywords
subject: This manuscript concerns the importance of steroid biotransformations and the importance of the metabolites produced in cancer therapeutics research.
  topic: subjects
creator: RAGHDA AL ANI
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-01
publication date: 2025-10-01
starting page: 190
ending page: 200
doi: 10.24237/ASJ.03.04.948A

Evaluation of the Proposed Hand Vein Authentication System using Machine Learning
type: item
description: This paper discusses the use of a biometric system for secure authentication based on deeper exploration in hand vein patterns to derive more reliability as a good biometric trait. The proposed system identifies internal hand vein patterns, and also identifies individuals correctly throughout their lifetime. The proposed system follows a three-phase approach comprising data processing, feature extraction, and feature evaluation. For the advanced filtering techniques in a dataset of 420 hand vein images, the approach goes to Box filters, HFEF, and CLAHE, then to discrete cosine transformation and image fusion. The features are extracted through PCA Net for acquiring the most distinctive attributes of hand veins. The different machine learning algorithms used in this evaluation for classification of the extracted features include SVM, Logistic Regression, and Naive Bayes. Results indicate highest accuracy for Logistic Regression algorithm (99.7%) and SVM algorithm of (99.6%). However, Random Forest algorithm has an accuracy of (98%), while Naive Bayes algorithm shows poorer accuracy of (91%).
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Biometric authentication, hand vein patterns, machine learning, feature extraction.
  topic: keywords
subject: security
  topic: subjects
subject: Machine learning
  topic: subjects
subject: biometric access control
  topic: subjects
creator: rajaa ahmed
creator: Ziyad Tariq Mustafa Al-Ta’i
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-04-28
publication date: 2025-04-28
starting page: 65
ending page: 81
doi: 10.24237/ASJ.03.02.960B

A Numerical Study of Linear Two-Points Boundary Value Problems with ODEs of Fourth-Order Using RKM Method
type: item
description: This study established the numerical RKM approach for solving linear two-point boundary value problems involving fourth-order ordinary differential equations. However, the proposed developed numerical RKM method has been tested using some implementations in order to compare it with the exact solutions to establish the method's validity. Furthermore, this comparison demonstrates that the proposed direct integrator is more efficient than the indirect method in terms of efficiency and accuracy. In addition, numerical implementations are used in order to show the efficiency and time-based complexity of function evaluations. This direct method's suggested strategy, which has wonderful qualities like quick and efficient calculation, also requires fewer computational employees.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: RKM, Ordinary Differential Equations; Boundary Value Problems, Order, DEs, ODEs.
  topic: keywords
subject: Applied Mathematics
  topic: subjects
creator: Mohammed S. Mechee
creator: F. A. Fawzi
creator: Shaymaa Mahmoud Abdullah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-01-01
publication date: 2025-01-01
starting page: 65
ending page: 78
doi: 10.24237/ASJ.03.01.831C

Review on Eco-friendly Green Synthesis Methods of Tungsten OxideNanoparticles
type: item
description: Synthesis of tungsten oxide nanoparticles by alternative method has been use of environmentally friendly green methods that involve natural materials like plants, bacteria, fungi, solvothermal, microwave-assisted, biosynthesis, sonochemical, polysaccharides, seaweed, plant-derived materials, biodegradable polymers, and algae. using effective green chemistry to create nanoparticles has sparked a lot of attention lately due to its environmental friendly, simplicity, affordability, and clean technology. It also doesn't use any dangerous chemicals and produces no impurities or wastes. Plant extracts have garnered the greatest attention among these bio-entities due to their special natural qualities that enable them in a single production step to stabilize and decrease metal nanoparticles. The changes and future prospects of green synthesis methods using plant extracts, solvothermal, microwave-assisted, biosynthesis, and sonochemical processes for tungsten oxide nanoparticles are reviewed in this paper.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Industrial chemistry
  topic: subjects
creator: Noor Sabah Al-Obaidi
creator: Anfal Salam Al-Mahdawi
creator: Ahmed N. Abd
creator: Ahmed A. Ahmed
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-01
publication date: 2025-07-01
starting page: 272
ending page: 295
doi: 10.24237/ASJ.03.03.953C

Relation between Renal Function and Insulin Resistance of Type 2 Diabetic Iraqi Patients
type: item
description: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a condition where the body's ability to regulate and utilize glucose as fuel is compromised. As a result of this chronic ailment, excess sugar circulates in the bloodstream. Thus, it can be described as a cluster of metabolic disorders that manifest through factors like insulin resistance and give rise to various complications. These conditions impact several physiological organs, leading to reduced efficiency in their functioning. The objective of this study was to assess the level of insulin in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to interpret the relationship between insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and renal function. The methods employed in this investigation were designed to achieve these specific aims, seventy patients and twenty controls were involved for this study. The patients of T2DM was divided into three group according to them eGFR, 20 stage I patients (G1), 25 stage II diabetic patients (G2) and 25 stage III diabetic patients (G3). Insulin, fasting plasma glucose (FBG), HbA1c, and renal function were measured in all subject. The study's findings indicated that patients in Group 3 (G3) with elevated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) exhibited significantly higher insulin levels (14.48 μIU/ml) and HOMA-IR values (8.66) compared to other patients. Moreover, diabetic patients had significantly higher serum insulin levels than those in the healthy control group (P<0.001). The diabetic group also demonstrated a marked degree of insulin resistance compared to the healthy control group. Additionally, a negative correlation was observed between HOMA-IR, eGFR, and Duration in the diabetic patients. Conclusion: higher insulin levels and insulin resistance appear to contribute to the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD).
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: biochemistry
  topic: subjects
creator: Rami Fadhel Lefta
creator: Ekhlas Abdallah Hassan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-01-01
publication date: 2025-01-01
starting page: 103
ending page: 113
doi: 10.24237/ASJ.03.01.798B

Review Article: Tumor Markers, Types and Clinical Applications
type: item
description: Over the past ten years, tumor markers have played an increasingly important role in clinical oncology. This trend is expected to continue as technology advances and our knowledge of the human body and disease processes grows. In the treatment of cancer, tumor markers are widely used for a variety of purposes, including screening, selecting a management strategy, determining the prognosis, and post-therapy follow-up. A comprehensive of the fundamentals of pathophysiology and identification strategies for each specific malignancy is necessary for their prudent application in clinical practice. Oncology's use of cancer biomarkers has transformed the way that cancer is treated, and led to notable improvements in patient outcomes and cancer treatment.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: subjects
  value: Over the past ten years, tumor markers have played an increasingly important role in clinical oncology. This trend is expected to continue as technology advances and our knowledge of the human body and disease processes grows. In the treatment of cancer, tumor markers are widely used for a variety of purposes, including screening, selecting a management strategy, determining the prognosis, and post-therapy follow-up. A comprehensive comprehension of the fundamentals of pathophysiology and identification strategies for each specific malignancy is necessary for their prudent application in clinical practice
creator: RANA
creator: Salah Mohammed Fezea
creator: Jameelah Kadhim TAHER ALISAWI
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-11
publication date: 2025-06-11
starting page: 79
ending page: 92
doi: 10.24237/ASJ.03.02.941C

Investigate the levels of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1) in the sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis
type: item
description: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder, the synovial joint becomes inflamed and eventually erosive, causing damage to the bones and cartilage. The study aimed to evaluated vascular cell adhesion molecule1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) serum levels in RA patients. These cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs') serum levels may indicate endothelial cell expression and a possible relationship with other variables. Eighty-eight volunteers, 50 RA patients and 38 healthy controls, ranging in age from 25 to 75, were assessed. The levels of biomarkers were examined in this study: CAM-1, VCAM-1, Rheumatoid Factor (RF), Anti-CCP, C-reactive protein (CRP), ESR, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). The findings indicate that there is a significant variation (p≤0.001) in the levels of RF, Anti-CCP, CRP, and ESR between individuals with RA patients and the control group. Moreover, it was observed that there exist there exist substantial disparities (p≤0.001) in the concentrations of VCAM-1 between the subjects diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the control cohort. Furthermore, it was observed that the concentration of ICAM-1 in patients with RA was significantly elevated (p≤0.001) when juxtaposed with the control cohort. Conversely, the results suggested a correlation that lacked statistical significance between the concentrations of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 and the serological parameters. In the present investigation, we concluded that elevated levels of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in individuals with RA may serve as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognostication of RA, as well as a contributory factor in the pathogenesis of RA as an inflammatory disorder.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: VCAM-1, ICAM-1, Rheumatoid arthritis, Anti-CCP, ESR
  topic: keywords
subject: immunology
  topic: subjects
creator: Aseel Jawad Kadim
creator: Ammar A. Sultan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
starting page: 119
ending page: 125
doi: 10.24237/04.01.598

Performance evaluation of a 980nm laser system in varying atmospheric conditions
type: item
description: Infrared lasers operating at 980 nm are widely used in telecommunications, medical devices, and industrial applications; however, their performance is strongly influenced by environmental conditions. This study investigates the impact of temperature, humidity, and particulate matter (smoke and dust) on the performance of a 980 nm infrared laser. An experimental setup was developed using an infrared laser module integrated with an array of environmental sensors and Arduino microcontrollers for real-time data acquisition. Experiments were conducted under temperatures ranging from 28 to 55 °C and relative humidity levels between 10% and 80%. In addition, the effects of smoke concentration and dust density were examined. The results demonstrate a clear degradation in laser performance with increasing temperature, humidity, and particle concentration. Elevated temperatures reduced laser efficiency, while high humidity caused additional optical losses due to absorption and scattering. Smoke and dust particles significantly attenuated the laser signal by scattering and absorbing infrared radiation. A pronounced reduction in optical power was observed as dust density increased from 8.57 mg/m³ to 208.44 mg/m³, with power values decreasing from 331.5 µW to 95.2 µW. These findings highlight the sensitivity of 980 nm laser systems to environmental variations and emphasize the need for effective thermal management, humidity control, and particle protection. The study provides practical insights for improving the reliability and performance of infrared laser systems operating in challenging environmental conditions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: 980nm laser
  topic: keywords
subject: Atmospheric conditions
  topic: keywords
subject: Laser performance
  topic: keywords
subject: Laser system evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: Optical communication
  topic: keywords
subject: Long-term Environmental Exposure
  topic: subjects
subject: Impact on Data Transmission Accuracy
  topic: subjects
creator: safana alkarawi
creator: Ahmed Ahmed Alkarawi
creator: Salam Nazhan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
starting page: 92
ending page: 101
doi: 10.24237/04.01.560

Continuous User Verification in Cloud Storage Services using Deep Learning
type: item
description: Cloud storage services have become a new paradigm for storing data user over the Internet. Users can access these services using a simple authentication login. This has led to increased potential attacks and misusing vital customer information. The behavior profiling technique has been successfully investigated as an additional intelligent security measure for continuous verification users after the simple login. A credible accuracy has been achieved when applying the method in a variety of applications such as telecommunication, credit card, and cloud services to detect and monitor misuse. To increase the accuracy of making a reliable decision, this paper proposes to combine two private datasets which are real-life user interactions with the desktop computer and Dropbox Cloud storage. The best experimental result achieved an EER of 3.6% based on applying a deep learning algorithm (CNN). This result indicates and encourages the feasibility of using behavioral profiling to protect cloud users from misuse.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: computer
  topic: subjects
subject: security
  topic: subjects
subject: cloud computing
  topic: subjects
creator: burhan albayati
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-01-01
publication date: 2025-01-01
starting page: 33
ending page: 50
doi: 10.24237/ASJ.03.01.950A

Identification study of soil fungi in different areas of Diyala governorate
type: item
description: The present study dealt with the isolation and characterization of fungi from 33 different soil samples from Diyala governorate, including agricultural soil, residential area soil, sanitary landfill area soil and industrial area soil. The fungi have been isolated directly from the soil dilution method using Sabouraud’s dextrose agar (SDA). The grown fungi colonies have then been subcultured on Czapek Dox Medium (CDA) for identification; also, the fungi have been examined microscopically with lactophenol cotton blue stain. The results showed that 87 fungal isolates of 25 species have been identified in 33 locations, categorised over four types of soil samples, where most of the samples were from agricultural areas, followed by residential areas, then sanitary landfill areas and industrial areas, and the results have shown that the highest percentage of fungi isolates was Aspergillus flavus with 14 (16.09%) at agricultural and residential areas with 14.54% and 16.66 % respectively, followed by Aspergillus niger with 12 (13.79%) The third one in the isolation percentage was Trichoderma sp. with 8 (9.19%). Other species were in lower percentages, with the presence of pathogens that are pathogenic to humans and animals.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: soil fungi,
  topic: keywords
subject: Morphologies
  topic: keywords
subject: Aspergillus
  topic: keywords
subject: Czapek Dox Medium (CDA).
  topic: keywords
subject: mycology
  topic: subjects
creator: anaam
creator: Abbas
creator: Mujtaba
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
starting page: 59
ending page: 67
doi: 10.24237/04.01.612

Intelligent Antenna Array Systems for Modern Communication Networks
type: item
description: In last two decades, Smart Antenna Systems (SAS) as well as Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems have emerged as strong and efficient contenders for 5G wireless communication networks due to the advantages they may bring based on the improvements in transmission and reception of electromagnetic signals with respect to omnidirectional antennas. Although there is a fair amount of academic software previously available in this field, cross-use systems simulators do not utilize sufficient wireless system requirements to implement all requirements, and therefore, they do not provide the opportunity to emulate on the broadest lines where SAS or MIMO is more widely used. In this work, a new idea will be formed to improve MIMO 5th generation (5G) smart antenna using adaptive equalizer technology. This new proposal will appear distinctly and noticeably to improve the performance and efficiency of transmission and reception, in addition to its high sensitivity.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: 5G Wireless Communication Networks, MIMO systems, SAS, Adaptive Equalizer Technology
  topic: keywords
subject: communication
  topic: subjects
subject: Antennas
  topic: subjects
subject: RF Engineering
  topic: subjects
subject: Wireless Communication Networks
  topic: subjects
subject: 5G
  topic: subjects
creator: yahiea alnaiemy
creator: Mohammed N. Majeed
creator: Mohsin Ali Ahmed
creator: Taha A. Elwi
creator: Sarah Mohemmed Fawzi Hussein
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-01-01
publication date: 2025-01-01
starting page: 1
ending page: 15
doi: 10.24237/ASJ.03.01.946E

A Assessing the connection between rheumatoid arthritis and the interleukin IL36 level in tonsillitis patients in the Diyala Governorate
type: item
description: This study investigated the relationship of IL-36 with tonsillitis and rheumatoid arthritis patients. Using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique. This study was conducted in Diyala Governorate from the beginning of October 2023 to the end of May 2024. 88 samples were collected and divided into four groups; their ages ranged between 8 and 10 years. The first group included 22 blood samples with rheumatoid arthritis, and the second group included 22 samples with acute and chronic tonsillitis. And the third group included 22 samples with tonsillitis and rheumatoid arthritis. In the fourth group, the controls included 22 samples from clinically healthy people. Their ages range from 21 to 60 years. The statistical results among study groups showed that the infection rate among females 18 (82.0%) higher than males 4 (18.0%) among patients with rheumatoid arthritis; the infection rate among females 16 (% 73.0) higher than males 6 (27.0%) among tonsillitis patients; and the infection rate for females 17 (77.0%) more than males 5 (23.0%) among patients with tonsillitis and rheumatoid arthritis. Results also showed that the infection rate among females 8 (36.0%) less than males (14, 64.0%) among controls. The current study results revealed increased level IL-36 with rheumatoid arthritis (551.83 ± 65.86) Pg/ML, patients with tonsillitis (271.15 ± 64.40) Pg/ML, and patients with tonsillitis and rheumatoid arthritis (279.53 ± 50.79) Pg/ML compared to controls (193.14 ± 21.04) Pg/ML. These results suggest IL36 increases with tonsillitis or rheumatoid arthritis, so it may have an anti-inflammatory effect.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: E.coli,
  topic: keywords
subject: UTIs
  topic: keywords
subject: Antibiotics Resistance,
  topic: keywords
subject: Genotyping
  topic: keywords
subject: Multiplex PCR,.
  topic: keywords
subject: immunology
  topic: subjects
creator: Adawia Fadhel Abbas Alzubaidi
creator: Dr. Ibtisam
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
starting page: 68
ending page: 72
doi: 10.24237/04.01.595

Efficient Solutions for Multi-criteria Sequencing Problem by Using Modified Algorithm
type: item
description: For multi criteria sequencing problem on one machine, we propose a modified branch and bound algorithm (MBAB) to find efficient (pareto optimal) solutions in this paper. The criteria are total completion time ( ), total lateness ( ), and maximum tardiness (Tmax). A collection of n independent tasks(jobs) has to be sequenced on one machine , tasks(jobs)j (j=1,2,3,…..,n) requires processing time Pj and due data dj . The MBAB algorithm depends on branch and bound technique. Applied examples are used to show applicability of MBAB algorithm. The MBAB algorithm is compared with complete enumeration method (CEM). Conclusions are formulated on the performance of the (MBAB) algorithm.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Efficient Solution
  topic: subjects
creator: Adawiya A. Mohmood
creator: Wasfaa E. Ahmed
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-04-01
publication date: 2024-04-01
starting page: 404
ending page: 412
doi: 10.24237/ASJ.02.02.716B

Effect of DNA Damage on the Development of Diabetes Mellitus due toIonizing Radiation Exposure
type: item
description: Exposure to ionizing radiation destroys several biological processes by disturbing the membranes of cells and causing damage to DNA, proteins, and mitochondria. Increasing the use of ionizing radiation-based treatment and diagnosis techniques has been associated with the increased chronic diseases among healthcare occupational and patients. However, numerous factors such as duration of exposure, radiation dose, dose rate, the organs of the body exposed, and the person's age impact the ionizing radiation-induced chronic effect. Exposure to ionizing radiation has various harmful effects on healthy tissues; long-term exposure to radiation increases the risk of carcinogenesis and autoimmune diseases such as diabetes. A recent study has also highlighted its potential role in the development of diabetes. This review examines the linkage between radiation-induced DNA damage and diabetes and Explores how radiation can contribute to the emergence and worsening of this chronic metabolic disorder. This review study aims to offer an exhaustive summary of how radiation-induced DNA damage promotes diabetes hazards, highlighting areas for future studies. Also, taking oral antioxidants to protect from radiation-induced DNA damage and mitigate oxidative damage and inflammatory markers after radiation exposure may reduce the incidence of diabetes. Radiation can cause damage to DNA through ionization, which creates free radicals that attack the DNA structure, leading to mutations or breaks in the DNA strands. If this damage occurs in cells involved in glucose regulation or insulin production, it may contribute to the development of diabetes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ionizing radiation
  topic: keywords
subject: DNA damage
  topic: keywords
subject: Diabetes
  topic: keywords
subject: Free radicals
  topic: keywords
subject: Mutations
  topic: keywords
subject: Biophysics
  topic: subjects
subject: Biology
  topic: subjects
creator: Lina Al-jameel
creator: Lujain Ghannawi
creator: Safaa Ehssan
creator: Haidar Fadhil
creator: Mohammed Amir
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-04-29
publication date: 2025-04-29
starting page: 93
ending page: 113
doi: 10.24237/ASJ.03.02.830B

Characterization of Morphological and Optical Properties of MgO:SnO2 Nanostructure Thin Films
type: item
description: The study focuses on investigating the morphological and optical properties of MgO:SnO2 nanostructure films using the precipitation method for nanoparticle synthesis and the chemical spray technique for thin film preparation on glass substrates with different concentrations of MgO1-x: SnO2 x (x=0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5). morphological, and optical, properties of these films have been investigated,The main focus of the study is to analyze the morphological properties of the MgO:SnO2 nanostructure films, This includes studying the nanostructured morphology of the films. The optical properties of the MgO: SnO2 films have been investigated as a function of MgO and the bandgap energy was estimated to be in the range of (3.5- 3.1) eV, The refractive index and extinction coefficient of the films were also determined, and the results indicated that the films had good transparency in the visible region.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: MgO:SnO2 films, chemical spray , Nanostructure, Morphological , Optical properties.
  topic: keywords
subject: solid state physics
  topic: subjects
creator: R. H. Ayoub
creator: M. H. AL-Timimi
creator: Esmaeil Jalali Lavasani
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-10-01
publication date: 2024-10-01
starting page: 307
ending page: 319
doi: 10.24237/ASJ.02.04.791C

Annealing Effect on Structural and Optical Properties of 〖Cd〗_(0.91) 〖Ni〗_(0.09)o Thin Films Prepared by Chemical Spray Pyrolysis
type: item
description: In this study, CdO:Ni thin films with 300 nm thickness and 9% nickel concentration were prepared by spray pyrolysis on glass substrates and annealed at different temperatures (350, 400 and 450) °C. The prepared films were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), and UV visible spectroscopy measurements in the wavelength (400-900) nm. XRD analysis exhibited a cubic crystalline structure. The crystalline size increased with the increase of temperature (23, 61,104,88) nm, also. The prepared annealed thin films showed high optical transmittance in the visible region The optical band gap energy (Eg) be found (2.51, 2.40, 2.27, and 2.22,) eV in before and after annealing temperature (350°C, 400°C and 450°C) respectively.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: solid state physics
  topic: subjects
creator: Haneen F. Abd
creator: Ziad T. Khodair
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-10-01
publication date: 2024-10-01
starting page: 293
ending page: 306
doi: 10.24237/ASJ.02.04.792B

Investigating the effect of some physical and nutritional factors on Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilm formation
type: item
description: One hundred clinical samples were collected from different pathological conditions. After the final diagnosis, 50 clinical bacterial isolates belonging to Klebsiella pneumoniae were obtained by 50%, and the percentage of isolates obtained from sputum was 23 (46%), urine 22 (44%), feces 2 (4%), and tracheal pus 3 (6%). The isolates were cultured and diagnosed in the conventional ways, and for the final diagnosis and antibiotic sensitivity test (AST), the Vitek2 system was used. All isolates of K.pneumoniae were highly resistant to antibiotics: 92% against cefepime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and ceftriaxone; 72% against imipenem and meropenem; 68% against trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole; 60% against tobramycin; 56% against gentamicin; and 44% against amikacin and 36%, while it was highly sensitive to 96% for each of piperacillin, ticarcillin/clavulanic acid, and Piperacillin/Tazobactam were 96%. The results of the study showed the ability of K. pneumoniae isolates to form biofilms using the 100% Microtiter Plate method but in varying formations. 26 isolates (52%), 15 isolates (30%), and 9 isolates (18%) showed strong, medium, and weak abilities respectively. Glucose, lactose, and yeast extract were among the best nutrients affecting the increase of biofilm formation. On the other hand, the temperature at 37°C and 25°C and the pH at 7, 8, and 9 had a positive effect on the production of biofilms.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Klebsiella pneumoniae,
  topic: keywords
subject: Nutritional factors,
  topic: keywords
subject: Physical factors,
  topic: keywords
subject: Biofilm
  topic: keywords
subject: Microbiology
  topic: subjects
creator: Rana Alshwaikh
creator: Ayat Perali
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
starting page: 33
ending page: 42
doi: 10.24237/04.01.555

Numerical Studied for Solving Fuzzy Integro-Differential Equations via Caputo Fractional Derivative
type: item
description: In this paper, we extended some numerical methods to solve fuzzy integro differential equations. The considered problem involves the fractional Caputo derivatives under some conditions on the ordered. As we combine Euler's method with composite Simpsons have been used to determine the solutions of these equations. We extend these numerical techniques to find the best solutions. Extended difference Euler technique is used for this. The results show that the extended Euler method is more accurate in terms of absolute error. Illustrative examples are given to demonstrate the high precision and good performance of the new class.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Euler method, exact solution, approximate solution, fuzzy parameter, Caputo Fractional.
  topic: keywords
subject: fuzzy parameter
  topic: subjects
creator: Ruaa N. Abduallah
creator: Rokan khaji
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-10-01
publication date: 2024-10-01
starting page: 228
ending page: 240
doi: 10.24237/ASJ.02.04.780B

A Posteriori Error Analysis of the FEM Solution for Generic Linear Second-Order ODEs
type: item
description: In this paper, a posteriori error analysis has been examined and investigated for the continuous (conforming) Galerkin finite element method used for solving a general scalar linear second-order ordinary BVPs.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Applied Mathematics
  topic: subjects
creator: Wahran Shaker
creator: Mohammad Sabawi
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-10-01
publication date: 2024-10-01
starting page: 198
ending page: 206
doi: 10.24237/ASJ.02.04.817B

A Review on Development Prospect of CMTS Based Thin Film Solar Cells
type: item
description: CMTS is a quaternary semiconductor similar to copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS) which is nontoxic and abundant on Earth and is a P-type light absorbent material which is suitable for thinfilm solar cell fabrication and achieves better conversion efficiency of 0.78% , as well as having a direct energy gap estimated at (1.76 eV) and a high optical absorption coefficient [20] (α≥ 104 cm-1). In this paper, the development cases of a Cu2MgSnS4 composite in the thin-film industry, as well as its use in solar cell applications, are summarized. Illustrated and explained the difficulty related to processing the raw material, the manufacturing procedure, and manufacturing equipment. Finally, the potential for development of Cu2MgSnS4. Where the focus was on thin films.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Quaternary chalcogenide, Quaternary, Synthesis techniques, Zinc buckle, Stannite structure, Kesterite structure, Cu2MgSnS4.
  topic: keywords
subject: solid state physics
  topic: subjects
creator: Rafal A. Abdullah
creator: Nabeel A. Bakr
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-10-01
publication date: 2024-10-01
starting page: 167
ending page: 197
doi: 10.24237/ASJ.02.04.749B