ASJ adopts a double-blind peer review process to ensure transparency, objectivity, and academic integrity. All submissions undergo strict evaluation to maintain scientific excellence and originality. The journal follows an Open Access publishing model, offering free and unrestricted access to published articles to support global knowledge sharing and academic visibility. Committed to ethical publishing practices and international editorial standards, ASJ welcomes contributions from researchers worldwide and aims to promote scientific innovation, strengthen international collaboration, and support the advancement of modern scientific research.
College of Science - University of Diyala
Action Theory of Fuzzy Bornological Groups
This paper explores the action theory of fuzzy bornological groups. We investigate the scenario where a fuzzy bornological group acts on a fuzzy bornological set such that the action map is fuzzy bounded. Initially, we establish that both left and right translation functions are fuzzy bounded maps. This motivates us to consider a new action called a fuzzy bounded action. The primary goal of studying this action is to examine the effects of the fuzzy bornological groups on the fuzzy bornological sets by partitioning the fuzzy bornological sets into orbits. Furthermore, we define an invariant subset of under the fuzzy bounded action of . Furthermore, the intersection and the union for a collection of invariant fuzzy bounded sets are also invariant fuzzy bounded sets. Finally, we characterize the orbital structure and prove a fundamental result a fuzzy bornological group action effectively partitions the fuzzy bornological set into orbits through fuzzy bornological isomorphism.
Copyright (c) 2026 CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Study of some biochemical factors among patients with Hepatitis C virus in Diyala Governorate
The HCV leads Hepatitis can be either acute or chronic, with severity levels that can vary from a mild illness lasting a couple of weeks to a severe, lifelong condition, and it's a leading cause of liver cancer. HCV is transmitted through blood, and the most common way people get infected is by coming into contact with small amounts of blood. This study set out to look into how widespread the serological marker (anti-HCV Ab) is among the groups being examined.to (renal dialysis patients, thalassemia patients, blood donor and healthy control) in Diyala, Iraq. The current study was held in Diyala province between the times/ from January/2025 to September / 2025. This study included 360 participants. The Mean ± SD of age was 30.0 ±17.5 years with a range (3-69) years. The majority are men, (76.9% versus ±23.1%). This study were included four groups (90 patients under renal dialysis, 90 patients with thalassemia blood donors group consist of 90 individuals and another 90 individuals were included as healthy control). Special survey was pre-constructed to collect information regarding age, sex, residence and education level. The information was collected through short personal interview with patients. The results in this study showed 36 (10%) were positive for anti-HCV Abs with 32.2% and 7.8% among the renal dialysis and thalassemia groups respectively with a statistically high difference (P= 0.0001). However, all participants in the blood donors and healthy individuals were negative for anti-HCV Ab. According to social factors the results of anti-HCV Ab founded the age, the results showed that the anti-HCV Ab positivity rate was significantly higher among 50-59 years old compared to other age groups (P= 0.0001). While the other social factors (gender, residence and education) the results was statistically insignificant. Finally, Results revealed the distribution of anti-HCV Ab positivity rate according to biochemical markers (Glucose test, Blood urea test, Creatinine test, Total bilirubin test, Albumin test, Total protein test, ALT test and AST test) were statistical analysis significantly higher (P value= 0.0001) among all biochemical markers according to positivity rate of anti-HCV Ab. The conclusion from this study, the prevalence of HCV infection was high among study groups in Diyala province/Iraq and HCV infection progressively compromises liver function.
Hepatitis C virus, anti- HCV Abs, hepatitis infection, ALT liver enzyme and AST liver enzyme
Phytoremediation Technique for Pesticide-Contaminated Environments as a Green and Eco-Friendly Approach: A Review
Phytoremediation, or bioremediation, is the use of plants and their rhizosphere's microorganisms to contain, remove, transform, or detoxify pollutants in soil, water, or air. This eco-friendly method has become a very effective strategy for addressing pesticide contamination, one of the major global environmental issues, and has even been proven in scientific circles. The review's main purpose is to present phytoremediation in detail to the world as a sustainable, environmentally friendly technology for the cleanup of pesticide-contaminated soils. The review integrates the latest information on bioremediating plants and, at the same time, emphasizes recent developments in different plant species proficient at accumulating or degrading pesticide residues. Among the major phytoremediation mechanisms are phytoextraction, wherein the contaminants are taken up and stored in the plant parts that can be easily collected; phytodegradation, which is the process of breaking down the pollutants by plants and their associated microorganisms' metabolic activities; phytostabilization, preventing the contamination spread and the toxins being taken up by living organisms in soils and sediments; phytovolatilization, the conversion of the less toxic forms of the pollutants and their release into the atmosphere; and rhizofiltration, the practice whereby the roots of the plants act as filters to remove contaminants from the water supplying them. Together, the above-stated mechanisms play a significant role in reducing the toxicity of pesticides and their persistence in the environment. The review points out the pros and cons of efficiency between phytoremediation and conventional methods, the latter often being very expensive, energy-intensive, and environmentally damaging. In conclusion, phytoremediation is a cost-effective, environmentally friendly option for large-scale pesticide cleanup, helping nature recover and protecting the environment for the long term.
Phytoremediation , Pesticides, Sustainable, Eco-friendly, Pollutants, Environment
Detection of Some Virulence Factors and aac(6)Ib Resistance Gene in Clinical Proteus mirabilis isolates
The Proteus mirabilis. are opportunistic members of Enterobacteriaceae ,accounting for 10% of urinary tract infections and other primary clinical infections. They produce beta-lactamases that can confer resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of some virulence factors with antimicrobial resistance and molecular characteristics of aac-Ib gene The current study have been included 250 specimens were collected from urine sample, wound, burn, diabetic foot, and vaginal swabs conducted in Baquba Teaching Hospital, Al-Batool Teaching Hospital, and AlKhalis hospital in Diyala province during the period extended from August 2023 to January 2024. A total of 250 specimens Isolates were identified by morphological form on blood agar and macConkey agar, traditional biochemical tests. The results showed that 75 isolates were identified as P. mirabilis (30%) consisted of 35 isolates (46.7%) obtained from urine, 8 isolates (10.7%) obtained from wound, 10 isolates (13.3%) obtained from burns and diabetic foot and 12 isolates (16%) obtained from vaginal swabs. The higher rate of positive isolates were recorded in urine samples. Females isolation rate was much more than in males 60% and 40% respectively and patients age group 21- 30 year was more prevalence than other groups. It was found that the more effective antibiotic against isolates was the norfloxacin followed by levofloxacin, where all isolates were sensitive to it. On the other hand, the less effective antibiotics were amikacin and oxacillin when they were resisted by all isolates.
P. mirabilis, biofilm, amikacin, virulent factors, PCR, aacIb
Copyright (c) 2025 CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Hybrid Binary and Multi-Class Classification Model for Network Intrusion Detection
Intrusion detection is a cornerstone in computer networks, maintaining privacy and ensuring availability and security. However, the larger the number of features involved in the intrusion detection process, the more complex it becomes. Therefore, reducing the number of features is necessary. Feature selection techniques can effectively enhance the classifiers' performance by eliminating redundant or irrelevant features. Two powerful models were introduced for anomaly-based intrusion detection based on a binary classifier and a multi-classifier, which both depend on a modified firefly algorithm (FFA) for feature selection. Support Vector Machine (SVM) and K-Nearest Neighbour classifiers have been used to evaluate both models over the NSL-KDD dataset. The first and second models have been used for attack classification to distinguish between normal and abnormal traffic, and between four types of attacks, including Denial of Service Attack (DoS), User to Root Attack (U2R), Remote to Local Attack (R2L), Probing Attack, and the normal case, respectively. The models were evaluated for classification accuracy and the number of features. The first model achieved 98% accuracy with 7 selected features, while the second achieved 97% accuracy with 11 selected features.
Intrusion Detection, Feature Selector, NSL-KDD dataset, Firefly Algorithm, Support Vector Machine, and K-Nearest Neighbor.
Thermostable Lipase from Geothermal Thermophiles: Biochemical Characterization and Industrial Application Potential
Thermophilic lipase-producing microorganism’s present important industrial benefits owing to their stability and catalytic activity under extreme environmental conditions. This study sought to isolate and somewhat purify thermostable lipases from thermophilic bacteria collected from geothermal soils in (Hajj Yousef and Qaymawa, Iraq). A total of 68 samples were collected from hot springs at various depths and analyzed for lipase production utilizing tributyrin agar. Promising isolates were identified as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thermoleovorans, and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. The lipase enzyme was purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation trailed by size-exclusion chromatography, yielding a 12-fold purification with 65% recuperation. SDS-PAGE revealed a single protein band of ~35 kDa. The enzyme exhibited optimum activity at 70°C and pH 9.0 and retained 85% activity at 80°C and in alkaline pH. Kinetic analysis showed a Km of 2.1 mM and Vmax of 120 U/mg. The enzyme demonstrated substrate specificity toward olive oil and stability in methanol, Ca2+, and SDS. Application trials confirmed 92% conversion of used oil to biodiesel and 80% fat degradation in wastewater. These findings highlight the enzyme's potential in sustainable biotechnology.
triacylglycerol acyl hydrolases, EC 3.1.1.3
1A and 4A Genotypes of Hepatitis C Virus and Their Influence on Some Biochemical and Hematological Changes in Infected Iraqi Patient
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) causes about 70 million chronic infections, posing a serious threat to global health. This study aimed to determine the most common HCV genotypes and their effects on liver enzyme and hematological parameter concentrations in Iraqi patients. This study examined 100 untreated HCV cases (infected Iraqi patients; age mean±SD: 41.99±16.78 years) and 100 uninfected HCV cases (control group; age mean±SD: 39.64±13.55 years). The study was conducted from January 2024 to October 2024 at Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital in Baghdad, Iraq Viral genotypes were determined by real-time PCR. Statistical analysis showed a significant increase in hematological parameters, with hemoglobin and PLT levels being significantly higher in infected patients compared to the control group (p<0.05). Similarly, liver enzymes were also increased in Iraqi patients infected with genotypes 1A and 4A of hepatitis C virus (HCV), Patients with the 4A genotype were older on average and showed a greater influence on laboratory parameters, possibly due to a weakened immune response associated with advanced age. In addition, Iraqi patients infected with HCV showed a higher prevalence of the 1A genotype (57%) compared to the 4A genotype (43%). This paper contributes to understanding the relationship between genotypes of HCV and changes in biochemical and hematological parameters by providing accurate information that helps in making evidence-based medical decisions that meet the patients' needs more accurately and effectively.
Biochemical and Hematological Effects of HCV Genotypes 1A and 4A in Iraqi Patients”
The New Stochastic Differential Equations Model for Controlling the Spread of Viral Diseases: HIV as an Example
The main goal of presenting this manuscript is to study the dynamic activities of HIV spread and how to prevent it. The disease behavior was studied by proposing a new stochastic mathematical model. The solution's existence and uniqueness for the proposed mathematical model have been proven. We have also demonstrated the restrictions that must be met for society to rid itself of the scourge of the transmission of HIV by finding the basic reproduction rate. if the basic reproduction rate is less than one this means the disease-free point is stable. Conversely, if the basic reproduction rate is greater than one this means the disease - free point is unstable. The theoretical results were proven numerically through computer simulation using MATLAB.
HIV disease, Basic reproduction rate, Computer simulation, Disease-free point, Stochastic differential equations.
A Preliminary Survey for Mosses in Nurseries of Mosul City With New Record of Three Species
The collection and study of Bryophyte plants in Mesopotamia began in the 16th century AD through the expeditions that flourished at that time. Since that time up to 2025, all published works, on this plant group, were limited to the country's natural ecosystems, while man-made ecosystems were completely neglected. This was the motivation behind directing our efforts toward artificial or man-made ecosystems and conduct a preliminary survey for the species inhabiting them, in order to supplement the available information about them. The present contribution is considered the first survey in Iraq related with the mosses of the manmade ecosystems (i.e.) the nurseries. Mosul city center was chosen for this purpose. The survey covered 7 nurseries, all located in the left side of Tigris river. The results revealed that the recorded species belong to one class of division Bryophyta, 5 orders, 6 families, 11 genera and 19 species, among them, the following three species: Bryum muehlenbeckii Bruch & Schimp., Entosthodon fasicularis (Hedwig) Müller Hal. and Leptobryum pyriforme (Hedw.) Wilson were considered new addition to the Iraqi bryoflora. Distribution of the species in the nurseries and the richness of each nursery with moss species were widely varied.
The Importance of Biochemical Markersin Diagnosing,Managing and Predicting Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes is a widespread and intricate metabolic illness marked by persistent high blood sugar because of flaws in insulin production, insulin activity, or both. Current treatments don't address the disease's complete development, and management often fails because individual traits vary. People may experience either a metabolic pathway becoming inactive or over stimulated, which can lead to different levels of blood sugar control. Biochemical markers of this condition are very important for early detection, management, and diagnosis because clinical symptoms alone are often not reliable. The focus of treatment should be on results, including supporting mental health care. Diabetes is growing around the world, especially in developing regions where healthcare access is spotty. Therefore, investigating how precision medicine, along with biometrics and biochemical data, can augment existing methods is of value. These sources of data could improve health outcomes and reduce future problems. Samples were taken from patients from several hospitals in Diyala Governorate: Baquba Teaching Hospital, Al-Zahraa Hospital, and Al-Khalis Hospital. This investigation included 90 patients with various forms of diabetes (T1DM, T2DM, and gestational), aged 25 to 70, with a male to female ratio of 38/52. The distribution of diabetes types was as follows: T2DM (47/90), T1DM (17/90), and gestational diabetes (26/90). Sample collection took place over 10 months. This investigation sought to examine diabetes cases and the function of biochemical markers (HbA1c, LDL, and triglycerides) along with biometric variables (body weight and BMI) in creating specific treatments. The results showed better blood sugar control and lowered heart issue risk. Treatment plans considering individual biochemistry helped lower blood sugar and reduce body inflammation. Doctors may improve patient care by creating plans based on individual needs, rather than using a standard approach. The findings suggest that personalized medicine can improve the treatment of diabetes patients, reduce side impacts, and improve overall well-being.
Appraisal the Importance of Dehydroepiandrosterone, Metabolites, and Genus Aspergillus in Cancer research
Steroids are natural compounds found in animals, plants, fungi, and some bacteria. Microbial transformation plays a critical role in the biotransformation of steroids, enabling the production of compounds with high regional and spatial selectivity. Cancer remains one of the most significant scientific challenges, causing millions of deaths each year. Consequently, major research efforts are focused on discovering new therapies, particularly due to the emergence of certain fungi that exhibit anticancer properties, which could lead to innovative treatments. Metabolites, which are intermediate products of biochemical processes in living organisms, are essential for clinical diagnosis. Therefore, accurate detection of their concentrations is crucial. In this work, I will describe an experiment published at the 1st International Karatekin Science and Technology Congress, held from September 1-3, 2022 in Çankırı, Turkey. The aim is to clarify the inputs, outputs, and processes to enhance the understanding of the key concepts discussed here. The experiment focused on incubating dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) with Aspergillus glaucus, which primarily resulted in the production of several hydroxylated metabolites. Discussing this experiment as one of the experiments that produces metabolites as a result of the biotransformation of steroids may have a major role in the development of promising treatments for cancer.
Biotransformation, Steroids, Metabolism, Aspergillus species, Anti-cancer agents.
This manuscript concerns the importance of steroid biotransformations and the importance of the metabolites produced in cancer therapeutics research.
Evaluation of the Proposed Hand Vein Authentication System using Machine Learning
This paper discusses the use of a biometric system for secure authentication based on deeper exploration in hand vein patterns to derive more reliability as a good biometric trait. The proposed system identifies internal hand vein patterns, and also identifies individuals correctly throughout their lifetime. The proposed system follows a three-phase approach comprising data processing, feature extraction, and feature evaluation. For the advanced filtering techniques in a dataset of 420 hand vein images, the approach goes to Box filters, HFEF, and CLAHE, then to discrete cosine transformation and image fusion. The features are extracted through PCA Net for acquiring the most distinctive attributes of hand veins. The different machine learning algorithms used in this evaluation for classification of the extracted features include SVM, Logistic Regression, and Naive Bayes. Results indicate highest accuracy for Logistic Regression algorithm (99.7%) and SVM algorithm of (99.6%). However, Random Forest algorithm has an accuracy of (98%), while Naive Bayes algorithm shows poorer accuracy of (91%).
Biometric authentication, hand vein patterns, machine learning, feature extraction.
A Numerical Study of Linear Two-Points Boundary Value Problems with ODEs of Fourth-Order Using RKM Method
This study established the numerical RKM approach for solving linear two-point boundary value problems involving fourth-order ordinary differential equations. However, the proposed developed numerical RKM method has been tested using some implementations in order to compare it with the exact solutions to establish the method's validity. Furthermore, this comparison demonstrates that the proposed direct integrator is more efficient than the indirect method in terms of efficiency and accuracy. In addition, numerical implementations are used in order to show the efficiency and time-based complexity of function evaluations. This direct method's suggested strategy, which has wonderful qualities like quick and efficient calculation, also requires fewer computational employees.
RKM, Ordinary Differential Equations; Boundary Value Problems, Order, DEs, ODEs.
Review on Eco-friendly Green Synthesis Methods of Tungsten OxideNanoparticles
Synthesis of tungsten oxide nanoparticles by alternative method has been use of environmentally friendly green methods that involve natural materials like plants, bacteria, fungi, solvothermal, microwave-assisted, biosynthesis, sonochemical, polysaccharides, seaweed, plant-derived materials, biodegradable polymers, and algae. using effective green chemistry to create nanoparticles has sparked a lot of attention lately due to its environmental friendly, simplicity, affordability, and clean technology. It also doesn't use any dangerous chemicals and produces no impurities or wastes. Plant extracts have garnered the greatest attention among these bio-entities due to their special natural qualities that enable them in a single production step to stabilize and decrease metal nanoparticles. The changes and future prospects of green synthesis methods using plant extracts, solvothermal, microwave-assisted, biosynthesis, and sonochemical processes for tungsten oxide nanoparticles are reviewed in this paper.
Relation between Renal Function and Insulin Resistance of Type 2 Diabetic Iraqi Patients
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a condition where the body's ability to regulate and utilize glucose as fuel is compromised. As a result of this chronic ailment, excess sugar circulates in the bloodstream. Thus, it can be described as a cluster of metabolic disorders that manifest through factors like insulin resistance and give rise to various complications. These conditions impact several physiological organs, leading to reduced efficiency in their functioning. The objective of this study was to assess the level of insulin in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to interpret the relationship between insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and renal function. The methods employed in this investigation were designed to achieve these specific aims, seventy patients and twenty controls were involved for this study. The patients of T2DM was divided into three group according to them eGFR, 20 stage I patients (G1), 25 stage II diabetic patients (G2) and 25 stage III diabetic patients (G3). Insulin, fasting plasma glucose (FBG), HbA1c, and renal function were measured in all subject. The study's findings indicated that patients in Group 3 (G3) with elevated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) exhibited significantly higher insulin levels (14.48 μIU/ml) and HOMA-IR values (8.66) compared to other patients. Moreover, diabetic patients had significantly higher serum insulin levels than those in the healthy control group (P<0.001). The diabetic group also demonstrated a marked degree of insulin resistance compared to the healthy control group. Additionally, a negative correlation was observed between HOMA-IR, eGFR, and Duration in the diabetic patients. Conclusion: higher insulin levels and insulin resistance appear to contribute to the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Review Article: Tumor Markers, Types and Clinical Applications
Over the past ten years, tumor markers have played an increasingly important role in clinical oncology. This trend is expected to continue as technology advances and our knowledge of the human body and disease processes grows. In the treatment of cancer, tumor markers are widely used for a variety of purposes, including screening, selecting a management strategy, determining the prognosis, and post-therapy follow-up. A comprehensive of the fundamentals of pathophysiology and identification strategies for each specific malignancy is necessary for their prudent application in clinical practice. Oncology's use of cancer biomarkers has transformed the way that cancer is treated, and led to notable improvements in patient outcomes and cancer treatment.
Over the past ten years, tumor markers have played an increasingly important role in clinical oncology. This trend is expected to continue as technology advances and our knowledge of the human body and disease processes grows. In the treatment of cancer, tumor markers are widely used for a variety of purposes, including screening, selecting a management strategy, determining the prognosis, and post-therapy follow-up. A comprehensive comprehension of the fundamentals of pathophysiology and identification strategies for each specific malignancy is necessary for their prudent application in clinical practice
Investigate the levels of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1) in the sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder, the synovial joint becomes inflamed and eventually erosive, causing damage to the bones and cartilage. The study aimed to evaluated vascular cell adhesion molecule1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) serum levels in RA patients. These cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs') serum levels may indicate endothelial cell expression and a possible relationship with other variables. Eighty-eight volunteers, 50 RA patients and 38 healthy controls, ranging in age from 25 to 75, were assessed. The levels of biomarkers were examined in this study: CAM-1, VCAM-1, Rheumatoid Factor (RF), Anti-CCP, C-reactive protein (CRP), ESR, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). The findings indicate that there is a significant variation (p≤0.001) in the levels of RF, Anti-CCP, CRP, and ESR between individuals with RA patients and the control group. Moreover, it was observed that there exist there exist substantial disparities (p≤0.001) in the concentrations of VCAM-1 between the subjects diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the control cohort. Furthermore, it was observed that the concentration of ICAM-1 in patients with RA was significantly elevated (p≤0.001) when juxtaposed with the control cohort. Conversely, the results suggested a correlation that lacked statistical significance between the concentrations of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 and the serological parameters. In the present investigation, we concluded that elevated levels of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in individuals with RA may serve as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognostication of RA, as well as a contributory factor in the pathogenesis of RA as an inflammatory disorder.
VCAM-1, ICAM-1, Rheumatoid arthritis, Anti-CCP, ESR
Performance evaluation of a 980nm laser system in varying atmospheric conditions
Infrared lasers operating at 980 nm are widely used in telecommunications, medical devices, and industrial applications; however, their performance is strongly influenced by environmental conditions. This study investigates the impact of temperature, humidity, and particulate matter (smoke and dust) on the performance of a 980 nm infrared laser. An experimental setup was developed using an infrared laser module integrated with an array of environmental sensors and Arduino microcontrollers for real-time data acquisition. Experiments were conducted under temperatures ranging from 28 to 55 °C and relative humidity levels between 10% and 80%. In addition, the effects of smoke concentration and dust density were examined. The results demonstrate a clear degradation in laser performance with increasing temperature, humidity, and particle concentration. Elevated temperatures reduced laser efficiency, while high humidity caused additional optical losses due to absorption and scattering. Smoke and dust particles significantly attenuated the laser signal by scattering and absorbing infrared radiation. A pronounced reduction in optical power was observed as dust density increased from 8.57 mg/m³ to 208.44 mg/m³, with power values decreasing from 331.5 µW to 95.2 µW. These findings highlight the sensitivity of 980 nm laser systems to environmental variations and emphasize the need for effective thermal management, humidity control, and particle protection. The study provides practical insights for improving the reliability and performance of infrared laser systems operating in challenging environmental conditions.
Continuous User Verification in Cloud Storage Services using Deep Learning
Cloud storage services have become a new paradigm for storing data user over the Internet. Users can access these services using a simple authentication login. This has led to increased potential attacks and misusing vital customer information. The behavior profiling technique has been successfully investigated as an additional intelligent security measure for continuous verification users after the simple login. A credible accuracy has been achieved when applying the method in a variety of applications such as telecommunication, credit card, and cloud services to detect and monitor misuse. To increase the accuracy of making a reliable decision, this paper proposes to combine two private datasets which are real-life user interactions with the desktop computer and Dropbox Cloud storage. The best experimental result achieved an EER of 3.6% based on applying a deep learning algorithm (CNN). This result indicates and encourages the feasibility of using behavioral profiling to protect cloud users from misuse.
Identification study of soil fungi in different areas of Diyala governorate
The present study dealt with the isolation and characterization of fungi from 33 different soil samples from Diyala governorate, including agricultural soil, residential area soil, sanitary landfill area soil and industrial area soil. The fungi have been isolated directly from the soil dilution method using Sabouraud’s dextrose agar (SDA). The grown fungi colonies have then been subcultured on Czapek Dox Medium (CDA) for identification; also, the fungi have been examined microscopically with lactophenol cotton blue stain. The results showed that 87 fungal isolates of 25 species have been identified in 33 locations, categorised over four types of soil samples, where most of the samples were from agricultural areas, followed by residential areas, then sanitary landfill areas and industrial areas, and the results have shown that the highest percentage of fungi isolates was Aspergillus flavus with 14 (16.09%) at agricultural and residential areas with 14.54% and 16.66 % respectively, followed by Aspergillus niger with 12 (13.79%) The third one in the isolation percentage was Trichoderma sp. with 8 (9.19%). Other species were in lower percentages, with the presence of pathogens that are pathogenic to humans and animals.
Intelligent Antenna Array Systems for Modern Communication Networks
In last two decades, Smart Antenna Systems (SAS) as well as Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems have emerged as strong and efficient contenders for 5G wireless communication networks due to the advantages they may bring based on the improvements in transmission and reception of electromagnetic signals with respect to omnidirectional antennas. Although there is a fair amount of academic software previously available in this field, cross-use systems simulators do not utilize sufficient wireless system requirements to implement all requirements, and therefore, they do not provide the opportunity to emulate on the broadest lines where SAS or MIMO is more widely used. In this work, a new idea will be formed to improve MIMO 5th generation (5G) smart antenna using adaptive equalizer technology. This new proposal will appear distinctly and noticeably to improve the performance and efficiency of transmission and reception, in addition to its high sensitivity.
5G Wireless Communication Networks, MIMO systems, SAS, Adaptive Equalizer Technology
Efficient Solutions for Multi-criteria Sequencing Problem by Using Modified Algorithm
For multi criteria sequencing problem on one machine, we propose a modified branch and bound algorithm (MBAB) to find efficient (pareto optimal) solutions in this paper. The criteria are total completion time ( ), total lateness ( ), and maximum tardiness (Tmax). A collection of n independent tasks(jobs) has to be sequenced on one machine , tasks(jobs)j (j=1,2,3,…..,n) requires processing time Pj and due data dj . The MBAB algorithm depends on branch and bound technique. Applied examples are used to show applicability of MBAB algorithm. The MBAB algorithm is compared with complete enumeration method (CEM). Conclusions are formulated on the performance of the (MBAB) algorithm.
Copyright (c) 2024 CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effect of DNA Damage on the Development of Diabetes Mellitus due toIonizing Radiation Exposure
Exposure to ionizing radiation destroys several biological processes by disturbing the membranes of cells and causing damage to DNA, proteins, and mitochondria. Increasing the use of ionizing radiation-based treatment and diagnosis techniques has been associated with the increased chronic diseases among healthcare occupational and patients. However, numerous factors such as duration of exposure, radiation dose, dose rate, the organs of the body exposed, and the person's age impact the ionizing radiation-induced chronic effect. Exposure to ionizing radiation has various harmful effects on healthy tissues; long-term exposure to radiation increases the risk of carcinogenesis and autoimmune diseases such as diabetes. A recent study has also highlighted its potential role in the development of diabetes. This review examines the linkage between radiation-induced DNA damage and diabetes and Explores how radiation can contribute to the emergence and worsening of this chronic metabolic disorder. This review study aims to offer an exhaustive summary of how radiation-induced DNA damage promotes diabetes hazards, highlighting areas for future studies. Also, taking oral antioxidants to protect from radiation-induced DNA damage and mitigate oxidative damage and inflammatory markers after radiation exposure may reduce the incidence of diabetes. Radiation can cause damage to DNA through ionization, which creates free radicals that attack the DNA structure, leading to mutations or breaks in the DNA strands. If this damage occurs in cells involved in glucose regulation or insulin production, it may contribute to the development of diabetes.
Characterization of Morphological and Optical Properties of MgO:SnO2 Nanostructure Thin Films
The study focuses on investigating the morphological and optical properties of MgO:SnO2 nanostructure films using the precipitation method for nanoparticle synthesis and the chemical spray technique for thin film preparation on glass substrates with different concentrations of MgO1-x: SnO2 x (x=0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5). morphological, and optical, properties of these films have been investigated,The main focus of the study is to analyze the morphological properties of the MgO:SnO2 nanostructure films, This includes studying the nanostructured morphology of the films. The optical properties of the MgO: SnO2 films have been investigated as a function of MgO and the bandgap energy was estimated to be in the range of (3.5- 3.1) eV, The refractive index and extinction coefficient of the films were also determined, and the results indicated that the films had good transparency in the visible region.
MgO:SnO2 films, chemical spray , Nanostructure, Morphological , Optical properties.
Annealing Effect on Structural and Optical Properties of 〖Cd〗_(0.91) 〖Ni〗_(0.09)o Thin Films Prepared by Chemical Spray Pyrolysis
In this study, CdO:Ni thin films with 300 nm thickness and 9% nickel concentration were prepared by spray pyrolysis on glass substrates and annealed at different temperatures (350, 400 and 450) °C. The prepared films were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), and UV visible spectroscopy measurements in the wavelength (400-900) nm. XRD analysis exhibited a cubic crystalline structure. The crystalline size increased with the increase of temperature (23, 61,104,88) nm, also. The prepared annealed thin films showed high optical transmittance in the visible region The optical band gap energy (Eg) be found (2.51, 2.40, 2.27, and 2.22,) eV in before and after annealing temperature (350°C, 400°C and 450°C) respectively.
Investigating the effect of some physical and nutritional factors on Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilm formation
One hundred clinical samples were collected from different pathological conditions. After the final diagnosis, 50 clinical bacterial isolates belonging to Klebsiella pneumoniae were obtained by 50%, and the percentage of isolates obtained from sputum was 23 (46%), urine 22 (44%), feces 2 (4%), and tracheal pus 3 (6%). The isolates were cultured and diagnosed in the conventional ways, and for the final diagnosis and antibiotic sensitivity test (AST), the Vitek2 system was used. All isolates of K.pneumoniae were highly resistant to antibiotics: 92% against cefepime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and ceftriaxone; 72% against imipenem and meropenem; 68% against trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole; 60% against tobramycin; 56% against gentamicin; and 44% against amikacin and 36%, while it was highly sensitive to 96% for each of piperacillin, ticarcillin/clavulanic acid, and Piperacillin/Tazobactam were 96%. The results of the study showed the ability of K. pneumoniae isolates to form biofilms using the 100% Microtiter Plate method but in varying formations. 26 isolates (52%), 15 isolates (30%), and 9 isolates (18%) showed strong, medium, and weak abilities respectively. Glucose, lactose, and yeast extract were among the best nutrients affecting the increase of biofilm formation. On the other hand, the temperature at 37°C and 25°C and the pH at 7, 8, and 9 had a positive effect on the production of biofilms.
Numerical Studied for Solving Fuzzy Integro-Differential Equations via Caputo Fractional Derivative
In this paper, we extended some numerical methods to solve fuzzy integro differential equations. The considered problem involves the fractional Caputo derivatives under some conditions on the ordered. As we combine Euler's method with composite Simpsons have been used to determine the solutions of these equations. We extend these numerical techniques to find the best solutions. Extended difference Euler technique is used for this. The results show that the extended Euler method is more accurate in terms of absolute error. Illustrative examples are given to demonstrate the high precision and good performance of the new class.
Euler method, exact solution, approximate solution, fuzzy parameter, Caputo Fractional.
A Posteriori Error Analysis of the FEM Solution for Generic Linear Second-Order ODEs
In this paper, a posteriori error analysis has been examined and investigated for the continuous (conforming) Galerkin finite element method used for solving a general scalar linear second-order ordinary BVPs.
A Review on Development Prospect of CMTS Based Thin Film Solar Cells
CMTS is a quaternary semiconductor similar to copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS) which is nontoxic and abundant on Earth and is a P-type light absorbent material which is suitable for thinfilm solar cell fabrication and achieves better conversion efficiency of 0.78% , as well as having a direct energy gap estimated at (1.76 eV) and a high optical absorption coefficient [20] (α≥ 104 cm-1). In this paper, the development cases of a Cu2MgSnS4 composite in the thin-film industry, as well as its use in solar cell applications, are summarized. Illustrated and explained the difficulty related to processing the raw material, the manufacturing procedure, and manufacturing equipment. Finally, the potential for development of Cu2MgSnS4. Where the focus was on thin films.
Quaternary chalcogenide, Quaternary, Synthesis techniques, Zinc buckle, Stannite structure, Kesterite structure, Cu2MgSnS4.
Molecular diversity and Biofilm Formation in Extensively Drug Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Isolated from Patients in Diyala.
Acinetobacter baumannii is a worldwide threat that causes infections in hospital settings because of multidrug resistance to widely available antimicrobial drugs. The study aimed to determine antimicrobial susceptibility and biofilm formation in A. baumannii clinical isolates and the molecular diversity of these isolates by using the 16S rRNA gene. The bacterial isolates have been recovered from patients admitted to Baquba Teaching Hospital in Diyala, Iraq. Diagnoses were then confirmed using biochemical tests, VITEK-2 system and molecular screening of 16S rRNA Genes were done by PCR. 30 distinct isolates were identified as A. baumannii throughout the collection. All A. baumannii isolates were resistance to piperacillin, Ceftazidime, Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone, piperacillin-tazobactam, ticarcillin-clavulanic acid, gentamicin (100%). While resistance to Amikacin was 96.7%, Imipenem and Meropenem 76.7%, Levofloxacin 66.7%, and finally to Ciprofloxacin 63.3%, 11 isolates (36.7%) were MDR, and 19 (63.3%) isolates were XDR. The results of this study also observed there were 19 moderate biofilm-producing strains and 8 isolates that were weak, while only 3 isolates had strong biofilm. The results showed 13 A. baumannii isolates 43.3% were given positive results for metallo-beta-lactamase versus 17 isolates 56.7% given negative results. A total of eight samples (assigned S1 - S8) were included in the present study. The conducted sequencing reactions of 16S rRNA amplicons indicated the accurate identity of the investigated samples, which were found to be attributed to Acinetobacter baumannii. The alignment of nucleic acid sequences of the eight isolates revealed the presence of four nucleic acid variants distributed in S1–S8 samples. Unique accession numbers were obtained for all analyzed sequences and each sequence took accession number., 16S rRNA sequencing is an effective approach for identifying and characterizing clinical samples of Acinetobacter baumannii, with various clinical benefits such as high sensitivity and specificity, cheap cost, and quick turnaround time.