Academic Science Journal

Using simulation to find the best reliability of the Generalized Exponential Distribution

Huda Amer Abdul Ameer — 2024-10-01

The generalized exponential distribution is one of the most widely used distributions in the field of geometric reliability. Also, it can be used as an alternative to the Gamma or Weibull distribution in many cases. The goal of this paper is to find the best reliability function for the shape parameter of the Generalized Exponential Distribution using different methods (classical and Bayes) by using two non–information prior (Jeffery and Modify Jeffery) with different loss functions (squared error and Precautionary). The Reliability is based on the Monte Carlo study to using the simulation of the Reliability study on the performance of these estimations by using the mean square error.

Numerical Studied for Solving Fuzzy Integro-Differential Equations via Caputo Fractional Derivative

Ruaa N. Abduallah — 2024-10-01

In this paper, we extended some numerical methods to solve fuzzy integro differential equations. The considered problem involves the fractional Caputo derivatives under some conditions on the ordered. As we combine Euler's method with composite Simpsons have been used to determine the solutions of these equations. We extend these numerical techniques to find the best solutions. Extended difference Euler technique is used for this. The results show that the extended Euler method is more accurate in terms of absolute error. Illustrative examples are given to demonstrate the high precision and good performance of the new class.

A Posteriori Error Analysis of the FEM Solution for Generic Linear Second-Order ODEs

Wahran Shaker — 2024-10-01

In this paper, a posteriori error analysis has been examined and investigated for the
continuous (conforming) Galerkin finite element method used for solving a general
scalar linear second-order ordinary BVPs.

A Review on Development Prospect of CMTS Based Thin Film Solar Cells

Rafal A. Abdullah — 2024-10-01

CMTS is a quaternary semiconductor similar to copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS) which is nontoxic
and abundant on Earth and is a P-type light absorbent material which is suitable for thinfilm
solar cell fabrication and achieves better conversion efficiency of 0.78% , as well as having
a direct energy gap estimated at (1.76 eV) and a high optical absorption coefficient [20] (α≥ 104
cm-1). In this paper, the development cases of a Cu2MgSnS4 composite in the thin-film industry,
as well as its use in solar cell applications, are summarized. Illustrated and explained the
difficulty related to processing the raw material, the manufacturing procedure, and
manufacturing equipment. Finally, the potential for development of Cu2MgSnS4. Where the
focus was on thin films.

Effect of Arginine and GA3 on Some Qualitative Traits and Active Ingredients of Matricaria chomomilla L.

Rusul Taha Ali — 2024-10-01

The experiment was carried out in the one fields of Saba Abcar area - north of Baghdad during
winter season of 2022-2023 to study the effect of arginine and gibberellin acid on the some
qualitative traits and active ingredients of chamomile plant. The experiment was designed
according to randomized complete block design at three replications, the first factor included
the spraying of three concentrations of arginine (0, 50 and 150 mg L-1), whereas the second
factor included the spraying of three concentrations of GA3 (0, 100 and 200 mg L-1). The results
showed that the spraying of arginine at a 50 mg L-1 was significantly superiority in the
chlorophyll index (26.63 SPAD), carbohydrates percentage (50.38%) and volatile oil yield
(13.84 Kg ha-1), while the spraying of arginine at a 150 mg L-1 was significantly superiority in
the protein percentage (10.18%). Also, the results revealed that the spraying of GA3 at 100 mg
L-1 was significantly superiority in the chlorophyll index (24.90 SPAD), carbohydrates
percentage (50.79%) and volatile oil yield (16.30 Kg ha-1), whereas the spraying of arginine at
a 200 mg L-1 was significantly superiority in the protein percentage (9.83%). The interaction
between studied factors had significant effect on the all studied traits. Further, the results of
HPLC analysis showed a difference in the percentages of the active ingredients of chamomile
volatile oil.

Biofilm Formation by Protues Mirabilis Isolated From Patients Suffering From Urinary Tract Infections in Baqubah City

Shaymaa Majeed AL–Dahlaki — 2024-10-01

Protues mirabilis has the ability to induce urinary tract infections primarily has to do with the
formation of biofilms on catheter and UTI surfaces. This bacteria expresses a number of
virulence factors essential to the creation of biofilms. Fifty urine specimens were taken from
patients who were hospitalized and under treatment from the clinical laboratories of Baquba
Teaching Hospital. Of those fifty specimens, fifteen clinical specimens were positive for
isolates of Protues mirabilis. The results showed that all the P. mirabilis isolates under study
were 100% resistant to the Gentamicin, Cefotaxime and the resistance of the isolates to
Vancomysin and Azithromycin were 90%, Cefixime, Augmentin by 80%, and their resistance
to Piperacillin-tazobactam by 70%. According to these percentages, the isolates were divided
into two classes Extensively Drug Resistance (XDR) (90%), which were resistant to the seven
antibiotics that were used in the study, and (10%) were Multi Drug Resistance (MDR) which
were resistant to four antibiotic. Results showed that the P. mirabilis have the ability to produce
biofilm, all isolates could produce biofilm but in deferent percentage 70% were strong ,30%
were moderate, and the absorbency value was ranged from (0.353 – 0.159). The convention
PCR analysis revealed that the gene (Esp), encoding the enzymes that cause Proteus mirabilis
to form biofilm, accounted for 15 (40%) of the total.

Synthesis of ZnO: Cu and Ag Bimetallic Nanoparticles by Laser Ablation

Amer M. Hussein — 2024-10-01

Nanoparticles (ZnO: Ag and Cu) were prepared using the pulsed laser ablation method in liquid. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD), particle size analysis (PSA), UV-visible spectroscopy, and Zeta potential (ZP). the JCPDS standard card for Zn (01-080-0074) validated the hexagonal ZnO structure by X-ray diffraction for (ZnO) and (ZnO: Cu and Ag). we calculated the average crystal size of all the produced samples, and we observe that the crystal size grows as the ratio of copper and silver doping rises. The UV-VIS results showed excellent absorption bands of 290–345 nm, confirming that the Ag-containing nanocomposites absorb visible light. As a result, the spectral absorption band of pure ZnO widens with the adding of Cu and Ag, and the absorption edge moves towards a longer wavelength. This significant increase in absorption in the visible region indicates that the generated nanocomposites can reach a more significant catalytic activity in the visible region. The energy gap value decreases, namely 2.97, 2.90, 2.87, 2.79, 2.65, and 2.488 eV, respectively, due to the increasing doping ratio of silver and copper. ZP data of colloidal solutions containing (ZnO) and (ZnO: Ag and Cu) nanoparticles exhibits negative values indicating increased stability of the nanoparticles. However, the ZP data was found to be dependent on the concentration of the surfactant, with an increase in the zeta potentials value corresponding to an increase in the concentration of the surfactant. The PSA results showed promising outcomes and the absence of nanoparticle agglomeration. The synthesized particles were analyzed using FESEM and IMAGE J software to indicate if the particles were nano-sized. Additionally, the particles spherical and quasi-spherical shapes were investigated and found to be of minimal nanoscale size.

Detection of Heart Diseases Using Deep Learning Techniques

Mervt Razzaq Al-Jubouri — 2024-10-01

Electrocardiography is an effective tool for detecting heart diseases or predicting heart diseases,
and previous researchers have approved it as an effective tool in diagnosis. This early diagnosis's
essential benefit is reducing deaths due to heart disease because the heart is the most critical
part of the human body. From this Starting point, this paper used electrocardiography to
diagnose and predict heart disease. A system that supports deep learning by using Convolutional
Neural Network and the use of the most critical global data set approved by previous researchers
was proposed to diagnose or predict the four most critical pathological conditions, namely (STT
abnormalities, myocardial infarction (MI), arrhythmias, and Conduction disturbances and
abnormalities) The proposed system goes through three primary stages (processing,
classification, and prediction), where CNN deep learning algorithms of the design the proposed
system. The data set was used. PTB-XL for calculating healthy and infected samples for
complete system training, testing, and prediction. The proposed system achieved good results
with a sensitivity of 72.3%, a specificity of 73.90%, an accuracy of 91.33%, an accuracy of
88.69%, and an f1 score of 92.51%.

Geochemical Characteristics of Clay Deposits, Bussaya Area, Southern Iraq

Ghassan F. Mezaal — 2024-10-01

This study concerned with the geochemical characteristics of clay deposits belong to Nfayil
beds (Middle Miocene) in Al Muthana Governorate southern Iraq, as a new resource of clay
raw material. Twenty three samples of clay deposits were analyzed by using X-Ray
Fluorescence technique (XRF) for the major oxides; (SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, MgO, CaO, Na2O,
K2O, TiO2, and L.O.I), and trace elements; (V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Sr, Pb, Ga, Rb, Ba, and
Zr). The chemical results demonstrated due to the relation between Sr and Cu, that the
depositional environment predominated by hot and arid paleoclimate conditions, while from the
relation between Al2O3 with (Al2O3, CaO, Na2O, and K2O) reveals a low to relatively moderate
chemical weathering. Whereas the ratio of Ni/Co reveals that the deposition was within hypoxic
environment, while due to the ratio of Al2O3 / TiO2 in which advocated by Ti- Zr relation which
demonstrates that the intermediate igneous rocks as a provenance of the studied clays.

Stochastic differential equations model for the interaction of HCV with liver cells

Ahmed kareem — 2024-10-01

The main objective of this paper is to study the dynamic behavior of the hepatitis C virus to control the spread of this disease. The study was conducted by creating a new stochastic mathematical model. Three equilibriums specific to this system are discussed, namely, disease-free equilibrium, equilibrium in the absence of an antibody response, and equilibrium when immune response CTLs are zero. We also showed conditions that must be met for the injured person to recover by searching for the basic reproduction number. If it means that the liver will get rid of the virus and heal the infected person. while in this case, the infection grows and the disease can invade all liver cells. These results have also been demonstrated by computer simulations.

Neuregulin-1, or NRG 1, is a powerful cardiomyocyte proliferator that impacts the circulatory system. Endothelial cells in the bloodstream secrete and release it. It is essential for the development, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and other ca

Wafaa Sh. Al – Zuhairi Sh. Al – Zuhairi — 2024-10-01

Abstract

Neuregulin-1, or NRG 1, is a powerful cardiomyocyte proliferator that impacts the circulatory system. Endothelial cells in the bloodstream secrete and release it. It is essential for the development, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and other cardiovascular functions of the heart. In the pathophysiology of several cardiovascular disorders, NRG 1 may repair the heart, including cardiomyopathy, and atherosclerosis, demonstrated by numerous experiments. Through the NRG 1 /ErbB pathway, NRG 1 can associate related signaling pathways, creating signal cascades to progress the microenvironment of myocardial by controlling necrotic apoptosis, oxidative stress, and cardiac inflammation. In this article, we provide an overview of recent developments in the molecular processes of NRG 1, clarify the role that targets NRG 1 in cardiovascular disease, and identify areas that require more investigation.

the Study of some pro- inflammatory and Anti –inflammatory interleukins in diabetic patients

enaas saad — 2024-10-01

Objective; The objective of present research is evaluation roles of IL-38 and IL-39 indicators in pathophysiology of diabetic mellitus type II.

Methods; The conducted investigation was occurred inside Bagdad capital during time period 1/8 to 30/11 month of 2023 year. Forty five (45) blood samples had from patients suffering from type II diabetes that attending outpatients clinics after screening them by specialist physician . Additionally, 45 blood samples were collected from individuals without disease and considered them as control group. All markers were quantified in all participants by utilize enzyme linked immunesorbent assay (ELISA) with kits provided from Bio-Sources International (Camarillo, CA, USA). Results of current investigation were calculated by SPSS v. 21.0 and Prism v.6 statistical software programs.

Results; Findings of current investigation showed no significant differences (p>0.05) between study groups according to gender and age groups. Significant raise (p<0.05) levels of IL-38 and IL-39 in type II diabetic patients than healthy. ROC curve outcomes present the IL-38 showed highest sensitivity and specificity (96% and 95%) compared to IL-39 (sensitivity (80%) and specificity (75%)) at cut off (>251.21 and > 182.29) respectively in predicting individuals with diabetes mellitus type II with significant variation (p<0.05). Our outcomes showed no significant differences (p>0.05) between levels of IL-38 and IL-39 and gender as well as to age groups in patients with diabetes. Finally, pearson correlation coefficient results reveals no significant correlation (P>0.05) between IL-38 and IL-39 in diabetes patients .

Conclusions; We concluded there is no effect of gender and age on diabetes mellitus. Increased levels of pro and anti-inflammatory interleukins (IL-39 and IL-38) in patients due to inflammation. Anti-inflammatory interleukin (IL-38) increased due to effect of pro- inflammatory interleukin (IL-39) to reducing the intensity of inflammatory reactions and preserving physiological equilibrium in essential organs. IL-38 is highly preferred in predicting diabetic patients than IL-39 due to it has highest sensitivity and specificity. There is no effect of gender and age on levels of these interleukins in DM patients. Finally, it is founded there is no significant correlation between IL-38 and IL-39 in those patients.

Evaluating the blood Serum Hormones, Cholesterol Levels in Seminiferous Plasma and Certain Semen Parameters in Males with Asthenozoospermia

نورالدين عبدالرضا — 2024-10-01

Infertility is a medical condition that afflicts many men around the world and has many and complex causes. It is a malfunction in the male reproductive system. Its causes can be genetic, hormonal or a defect of semen components. This study was included two groups, the infertile (Asthinozoospermia) and the fertile or the control group (Normozoospermia), where each group consisted of 33 men average age (31.57 ± 1.11, 30.93 ± 1.04) respectively. Seminal fluid analysis (SFA) were conducted for them according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO), and the concentration level of cholesterol in seminal plasma was estimated using ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay) and the concentration levels of blood serum hormones (FSH, LH, Prolactin, Testosterone) were estimated using the Chemiluminescence Immunoassay System (CL-900i) device. The study showed great convergence in the average age, BMI, semen volume and semen pH at asthenozoospermia group and Normazoospermia group, without a statistical significant difference (P>0.05). But there was a statistical significant difference (P<0.01) between Asthenozoospermia group and Normozoospermia group at sperm count, Progressive motility %, No-progressive motility % and immotile%. There was also, a significant difference between the two groups in the seminal plasma cholesterol concentration, (P<0.01). While there was no significant difference(P<0.05) between the two groups in the level of serum FSH, LH, Prolactin and Testosterone concentrations.

the Calculation of gaseous storage and Building A 3D Geological model for Jeribe Formation in Mansuriya gas field in Diyala governorate

Mohamed Musadiq Hadi — 2024-10-01

Al-Mansuriya gas field is considered one of the important gas fields in Iraq because of its good economic gas reserves, The major gas reserves of the Mansuriya field are situated in the Jeribe formation, The period of formation deposition dates back to the lower middle Miocene. The present study aims to build the three-dimensional geological model for Jeribe Formation in Mansuriya Gas Field using (Petrel) software. Drawing on well logs exported from Techlog software in LAS format. Four wells have been chosen in the mansuriya gas field (MN_1, MN_2, MN_3, MN_4) to construct Structural and petrophysical (effective porosity, water saturation and lithology) models. After creating zones for Jeribe Formation, which was divided into 7 zones J1, J2, J3, J4, J5, J6 and J7 zone, Based on the final results of computer processing interpretation CPI was imported from techlog software. The three-dimensional grid of the Jeribe Formation model that was built consists of (10494848) cell and each cell have dimensions I =272 * J = 371 * K =104. Petrophysical models (effective porosity, water saturation and lithology) had been constructed for each zone of the Jeribe Formation showing the J2, J3, J4 and J5 are important reservoir units in terms of their good properties (high effective porosity, low water saturation) and Two types of lithology appear (dolomite and limestone) in different proportions to each unit. The results showed that Units J1 and J6 are non-reservoir units that do not contain gas because they consist of layers of anhydrite with very low porosity. The mn-4 well showed different results from the rest of the wells, and none of its units can’t be considered a reservoir due to the large water saturation volume.

Screening of marcescin producing isolates from Serratia marcescens

Zainab Ali — 2024-10-01

The current study intends to investigate the production of bacteriocin from S. marcescens, a Gram-negative bacterium, is a human pathogen and the reason why hospital medical equipment becomes contaminated. Various samples from patients about 220 samples which include blood,urine,abscess and sputum, twenty -three isolates of S.marcescens was performed as per standard laboratory procedure and confirmed by using VITEK-2 systems. The isolates of S.marcescens which produced marcescin detected by four methods : spot –on-the –lawn method , Cup-assay method ,Well-diffusion method and Agar cross streaking assay , the production of bacteriocin was produced by adding mitomycin-c to the bacterial broth to increase the amount of bacteriocin.

The Enhancing Corrosion Inhibition for Low Carbon Steel by Adding Graphene Oxide- WO3 in Epoxy Resin Matrix

WASAN ABDULFATAH HUSEEIN — 2024-10-01

In this research, polyanthranilic acid, graphene oxide, and tungsten oxide nanoparticles were prepared. In the next step, GO-10%WO₃, nanocomposite was prepared by adding the 10% of the weight ratio of tungsten oxide. In another step, a solution of polyanthranilic acid was mixed with epoxy resin to prepare the mother solution (Epoxy-PANA). In the last step, polymeric coatings (GO /Epoxy-PANA, GO-10%WO₃/Epoxy-PANA) were prepared, in addition to (Epoxy-PANA). The prepared materials were characterized by FTIR, XRD, EDX and SEM. In the end, it’s use as anti-corrosion materials by coating it with low carbon steel. It was found that Inhibition efficiency increased by adding tungsten oxide nanoparticles to the coatings. On the other hand, the corrosion rate is reduced by adding tungsten. Moreover, it was found that adding the percentage10% of WO₃leads to affects the activation energy (Ea), enthalpy (∆H) and entropy (∆S), and this has been studied as well.

The influence of laser energies on the optical, structural and electrical properties of CdS nanoparticles by laser ablation in distilled water

yamamah khaled abdalaah — 2024-10-01

Various laser energies were used to synthesize cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticle nanostructures in distilled water using pulsed laser ablation. The influence of laser energies on the structural, optical, morphological, and electrical properties of CdS nanoparticles was studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–Vis spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Hall measurement. The XRD data indicate that synthesized CdS nanoparticles are nanocrystalline and possess a hexagonal wurtzite structure, the lattice constants of CdS nanostructures were calculated to be (a = 4.105), (c = 6.662), and c/a=1.622. The direct optical energy gap of CdS was determined to be between 2.42 and 1.71 eV, depending on the laser energy. In CdS colloidal solution, EDS results demonstrate the presence of Cd and S components. In FT-IR spectra, the Cd–S stretching frequency is detected in the wave number region below 700 cm-1. Electrical analysis revealed that the synthesized CdS nanoparticles were n-type with mobility increasing with laser energy 530, 590 mJ and decreasing with laser energy 650 mJ. The I-V characteristics of (n-CdS NPs/p-Si) displays that the current increased exponentially with increasing voltage, whereas at reverse bias, the current increased slowly with increasing voltage