P-ISSN:2958-4612 E-ISSN: 2959-5568 Academic Science Journal (Acad. Sci. J.) is a peer reviewed quarterly scientific journal published by the College of Science, University of Diyala. It publishes papers in the fields of pure science such as chemistry, physics, biology, mathematics, computer science and geology. The journal consists of research publications that can be immediately accessed by scholars, policymakers, students, and the general public. The journal is an open access journal and is free to download. The journal follows the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license. Either the authors or their funding agencies or institutions pay the charges to finance the publication of the journal. Major Topics and Coverage The Academic Science Journal publishes original, peer refereed research papers related to the pure sciences -- physics, chemistry, biology, geology, mathematics and computer science -- and their applications. The journal focuses on publishing articles which are comprehensive, fully-documented reports of original research with complete results and conclusions. Review articles can also be published. These articles should be critical evaluations of the existing state of knowledge on a particular topic or in an area within the scope of the journal with a complete literature survey and a critically selected treatment of the material. Unsolved problems and possible solutions can also be discussed. Language The Journal accepts and publishes articles in English language. Address of Correspondence and Enquiry Academic Science Journal, College of Science, University of Diyala, Baqubah - Diyala - Iraq. Email: acad.sci.j@uodiyala.edu.iq
College of Science - University of Diyala
Detection of Some Virulence Factors and aac(6)Ib Resistance Gene in Clinical Proteus mirabilis isolates
The Proteus mirabilis. are opportunistic members of Enterobacteriaceae ,accounting for 10% of urinary tract infections and other primary clinical infections. They produce beta-lactamases that can confer resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of some virulence factors with antimicrobial resistance and molecular characteristics of aac-Ib gene The current study have been included 250 specimens were collected from urine sample, wound, burn, diabetic foot, and vaginal swabs conducted in Baquba Teaching Hospital, Al-Batool Teaching Hospital, and AlKhalis hospital in Diyala province during the period extended from August 2023 to January 2024. A total of 250 specimens Isolates were identified by morphological form on blood agar and macConkey agar, traditional biochemical tests. The results showed that 75 isolates were identified as P. mirabilis (30%) consisted of 35 isolates (46.7%) obtained from urine, 8 isolates (10.7%) obtained from wound, 10 isolates (13.3%) obtained from burns and diabetic foot and 12 isolates (16%) obtained from vaginal swabs. The higher rate of positive isolates were recorded in urine samples. Females isolation rate was much more than in males 60% and 40% respectively and patients age group 21- 30 year was more prevalence than other groups. It was found that the more effective antibiotic against isolates was the norfloxacin followed by levofloxacin, where all isolates were sensitive to it. On the other hand, the less effective antibiotics were amikacin and oxacillin when they were resisted by all isolates.
P. mirabilis, biofilm, amikacin, virulent factors, PCR, aacIb
Copyright (c) 2025 CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Thermostable Lipase from Geothermal Thermophiles: Biochemical Characterization and Industrial Application Potential
Thermophilic lipase-producing microorganism’s present important industrial benefits owing to their stability and catalytic activity under extreme environmental conditions. This study sought to isolate and somewhat purify thermostable lipases from thermophilic bacteria collected from geothermal soils in (Hajj Yousef and Qaymawa, Iraq). A total of 68 samples were collected from hot springs at various depths and analyzed for lipase production utilizing tributyrin agar. Promising isolates were identified as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thermoleovorans, and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. The lipase enzyme was purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation trailed by size-exclusion chromatography, yielding a 12-fold purification with 65% recuperation. SDS-PAGE revealed a single protein band of ~35 kDa. The enzyme exhibited optimum activity at 70°C and pH 9.0 and retained 85% activity at 80°C and in alkaline pH. Kinetic analysis showed a Km of 2.1 mM and Vmax of 120 U/mg. The enzyme demonstrated substrate specificity toward olive oil and stability in methanol, Ca2+, and SDS. Application trials confirmed 92% conversion of used oil to biodiesel and 80% fat degradation in wastewater. These findings highlight the enzyme's potential in sustainable biotechnology.
triacylglycerol acyl hydrolases, EC 3.1.1.3
The New Stochastic Differential Equations Model for Controlling the Spread of Viral Diseases: HIV as an Example
The main goal of presenting this manuscript is to study the dynamic activities of HIV spread and how to prevent it. The disease behavior was studied by proposing a new stochastic mathematical model. The solution's existence and uniqueness for the proposed mathematical model have been proven. We have also demonstrated the restrictions that must be met for society to rid itself of the scourge of the transmission of HIV by finding the basic reproduction rate. if the basic reproduction rate is less than one this means the disease-free point is stable. Conversely, if the basic reproduction rate is greater than one this means the disease - free point is unstable. The theoretical results were proven numerically through computer simulation using MATLAB.
HIV disease, Basic reproduction rate, Computer simulation, Disease-free point, Stochastic differential equations.
The Importance of Biochemical Markersin Diagnosing,Managing and Predicting Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes is a widespread and intricate metabolic illness marked by persistent high blood sugar because of flaws in insulin production, insulin activity, or both. Current treatments don't address the disease's complete development, and management often fails because individual traits vary. People may experience either a metabolic pathway becoming inactive or over stimulated, which can lead to different levels of blood sugar control. Biochemical markers of this condition are very important for early detection, management, and diagnosis because clinical symptoms alone are often not reliable. The focus of treatment should be on results, including supporting mental health care. Diabetes is growing around the world, especially in developing regions where healthcare access is spotty. Therefore, investigating how precision medicine, along with biometrics and biochemical data, can augment existing methods is of value. These sources of data could improve health outcomes and reduce future problems. Samples were taken from patients from several hospitals in Diyala Governorate: Baquba Teaching Hospital, Al-Zahraa Hospital, and Al-Khalis Hospital. This investigation included 90 patients with various forms of diabetes (T1DM, T2DM, and gestational), aged 25 to 70, with a male to female ratio of 38/52. The distribution of diabetes types was as follows: T2DM (47/90), T1DM (17/90), and gestational diabetes (26/90). Sample collection took place over 10 months. This investigation sought to examine diabetes cases and the function of biochemical markers (HbA1c, LDL, and triglycerides) along with biometric variables (body weight and BMI) in creating specific treatments. The results showed better blood sugar control and lowered heart issue risk. Treatment plans considering individual biochemistry helped lower blood sugar and reduce body inflammation. Doctors may improve patient care by creating plans based on individual needs, rather than using a standard approach. The findings suggest that personalized medicine can improve the treatment of diabetes patients, reduce side impacts, and improve overall well-being.
Appraisal the Importance of Dehydroepiandrosterone, Metabolites, and Genus Aspergillus in Cancer research
Steroids are natural compounds found in animals, plants, fungi, and some bacteria. Microbial transformation plays a critical role in the biotransformation of steroids, enabling the production of compounds with high regional and spatial selectivity. Cancer remains one of the most significant scientific challenges, causing millions of deaths each year. Consequently, major research efforts are focused on discovering new therapies, particularly due to the emergence of certain fungi that exhibit anticancer properties, which could lead to innovative treatments. Metabolites, which are intermediate products of biochemical processes in living organisms, are essential for clinical diagnosis. Therefore, accurate detection of their concentrations is crucial. In this work, I will describe an experiment published at the 1st International Karatekin Science and Technology Congress, held from September 1-3, 2022 in Çankırı, Turkey. The aim is to clarify the inputs, outputs, and processes to enhance the understanding of the key concepts discussed here. The experiment focused on incubating dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) with Aspergillus glaucus, which primarily resulted in the production of several hydroxylated metabolites. Discussing this experiment as one of the experiments that produces metabolites as a result of the biotransformation of steroids may have a major role in the development of promising treatments for cancer.
Biotransformation, Steroids, Metabolism, Aspergillus species, Anti-cancer agents.
This manuscript concerns the importance of steroid biotransformations and the importance of the metabolites produced in cancer therapeutics research.
Evaluation of the Proposed Hand Vein Authentication System using Machine Learning
This paper discusses the use of a biometric system for secure authentication based on deeper exploration in hand vein patterns to derive more reliability as a good biometric trait. The proposed system identifies internal hand vein patterns, and also identifies individuals correctly throughout their lifetime. The proposed system follows a three-phase approach comprising data processing, feature extraction, and feature evaluation. For the advanced filtering techniques in a dataset of 420 hand vein images, the approach goes to Box filters, HFEF, and CLAHE, then to discrete cosine transformation and image fusion. The features are extracted through PCA Net for acquiring the most distinctive attributes of hand veins. The different machine learning algorithms used in this evaluation for classification of the extracted features include SVM, Logistic Regression, and Naive Bayes. Results indicate highest accuracy for Logistic Regression algorithm (99.7%) and SVM algorithm of (99.6%). However, Random Forest algorithm has an accuracy of (98%), while Naive Bayes algorithm shows poorer accuracy of (91%).
Biometric authentication, hand vein patterns, machine learning, feature extraction.
A Numerical Study of Linear Two-Points Boundary Value Problems with ODEs of Fourth-Order Using RKM Method
This study established the numerical RKM approach for solving linear two-point boundary value problems involving fourth-order ordinary differential equations. However, the proposed developed numerical RKM method has been tested using some implementations in order to compare it with the exact solutions to establish the method's validity. Furthermore, this comparison demonstrates that the proposed direct integrator is more efficient than the indirect method in terms of efficiency and accuracy. In addition, numerical implementations are used in order to show the efficiency and time-based complexity of function evaluations. This direct method's suggested strategy, which has wonderful qualities like quick and efficient calculation, also requires fewer computational employees.
RKM, Ordinary Differential Equations; Boundary Value Problems, Order, DEs, ODEs.
Review on Eco-friendly Green Synthesis Methods of Tungsten OxideNanoparticles
Synthesis of tungsten oxide nanoparticles by alternative method has been use of environmentally friendly green methods that involve natural materials like plants, bacteria, fungi, solvothermal, microwave-assisted, biosynthesis, sonochemical, polysaccharides, seaweed, plant-derived materials, biodegradable polymers, and algae. using effective green chemistry to create nanoparticles has sparked a lot of attention lately due to its environmental friendly, simplicity, affordability, and clean technology. It also doesn't use any dangerous chemicals and produces no impurities or wastes. Plant extracts have garnered the greatest attention among these bio-entities due to their special natural qualities that enable them in a single production step to stabilize and decrease metal nanoparticles. The changes and future prospects of green synthesis methods using plant extracts, solvothermal, microwave-assisted, biosynthesis, and sonochemical processes for tungsten oxide nanoparticles are reviewed in this paper.
Relation between Renal Function and Insulin Resistance of Type 2 Diabetic Iraqi Patients
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a condition where the body's ability to regulate and utilize glucose as fuel is compromised. As a result of this chronic ailment, excess sugar circulates in the bloodstream. Thus, it can be described as a cluster of metabolic disorders that manifest through factors like insulin resistance and give rise to various complications. These conditions impact several physiological organs, leading to reduced efficiency in their functioning. The objective of this study was to assess the level of insulin in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to interpret the relationship between insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and renal function. The methods employed in this investigation were designed to achieve these specific aims, seventy patients and twenty controls were involved for this study. The patients of T2DM was divided into three group according to them eGFR, 20 stage I patients (G1), 25 stage II diabetic patients (G2) and 25 stage III diabetic patients (G3). Insulin, fasting plasma glucose (FBG), HbA1c, and renal function were measured in all subject. The study's findings indicated that patients in Group 3 (G3) with elevated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) exhibited significantly higher insulin levels (14.48 μIU/ml) and HOMA-IR values (8.66) compared to other patients. Moreover, diabetic patients had significantly higher serum insulin levels than those in the healthy control group (P<0.001). The diabetic group also demonstrated a marked degree of insulin resistance compared to the healthy control group. Additionally, a negative correlation was observed between HOMA-IR, eGFR, and Duration in the diabetic patients. Conclusion: higher insulin levels and insulin resistance appear to contribute to the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Review Article: Tumor Markers, Types and Clinical Applications
Over the past ten years, tumor markers have played an increasingly important role in clinical oncology. This trend is expected to continue as technology advances and our knowledge of the human body and disease processes grows. In the treatment of cancer, tumor markers are widely used for a variety of purposes, including screening, selecting a management strategy, determining the prognosis, and post-therapy follow-up. A comprehensive of the fundamentals of pathophysiology and identification strategies for each specific malignancy is necessary for their prudent application in clinical practice. Oncology's use of cancer biomarkers has transformed the way that cancer is treated, and led to notable improvements in patient outcomes and cancer treatment.
Over the past ten years, tumor markers have played an increasingly important role in clinical oncology. This trend is expected to continue as technology advances and our knowledge of the human body and disease processes grows. In the treatment of cancer, tumor markers are widely used for a variety of purposes, including screening, selecting a management strategy, determining the prognosis, and post-therapy follow-up. A comprehensive comprehension of the fundamentals of pathophysiology and identification strategies for each specific malignancy is necessary for their prudent application in clinical practice
Continuous User Verification in Cloud Storage Services using Deep Learning
Cloud storage services have become a new paradigm for storing data user over the Internet. Users can access these services using a simple authentication login. This has led to increased potential attacks and misusing vital customer information. The behavior profiling technique has been successfully investigated as an additional intelligent security measure for continuous verification users after the simple login. A credible accuracy has been achieved when applying the method in a variety of applications such as telecommunication, credit card, and cloud services to detect and monitor misuse. To increase the accuracy of making a reliable decision, this paper proposes to combine two private datasets which are real-life user interactions with the desktop computer and Dropbox Cloud storage. The best experimental result achieved an EER of 3.6% based on applying a deep learning algorithm (CNN). This result indicates and encourages the feasibility of using behavioral profiling to protect cloud users from misuse.
Intelligent Antenna Array Systems for Modern Communication Networks
In last two decades, Smart Antenna Systems (SAS) as well as Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems have emerged as strong and efficient contenders for 5G wireless communication networks due to the advantages they may bring based on the improvements in transmission and reception of electromagnetic signals with respect to omnidirectional antennas. Although there is a fair amount of academic software previously available in this field, cross-use systems simulators do not utilize sufficient wireless system requirements to implement all requirements, and therefore, they do not provide the opportunity to emulate on the broadest lines where SAS or MIMO is more widely used. In this work, a new idea will be formed to improve MIMO 5th generation (5G) smart antenna using adaptive equalizer technology. This new proposal will appear distinctly and noticeably to improve the performance and efficiency of transmission and reception, in addition to its high sensitivity.
5G Wireless Communication Networks, MIMO systems, SAS, Adaptive Equalizer Technology
Efficient Solutions for Multi-criteria Sequencing Problem by Using Modified Algorithm
For multi criteria sequencing problem on one machine, we propose a modified branch and bound algorithm (MBAB) to find efficient (pareto optimal) solutions in this paper. The criteria are total completion time ( ), total lateness ( ), and maximum tardiness (Tmax). A collection of n independent tasks(jobs) has to be sequenced on one machine , tasks(jobs)j (j=1,2,3,…..,n) requires processing time Pj and due data dj . The MBAB algorithm depends on branch and bound technique. Applied examples are used to show applicability of MBAB algorithm. The MBAB algorithm is compared with complete enumeration method (CEM). Conclusions are formulated on the performance of the (MBAB) algorithm.
Copyright (c) 2024 CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effect of DNA Damage on the Development of Diabetes Mellitus due toIonizing Radiation Exposure
Exposure to ionizing radiation destroys several biological processes by disturbing the membranes of cells and causing damage to DNA, proteins, and mitochondria. Increasing the use of ionizing radiation-based treatment and diagnosis techniques has been associated with the increased chronic diseases among healthcare occupational and patients. However, numerous factors such as duration of exposure, radiation dose, dose rate, the organs of the body exposed, and the person's age impact the ionizing radiation-induced chronic effect. Exposure to ionizing radiation has various harmful effects on healthy tissues; long-term exposure to radiation increases the risk of carcinogenesis and autoimmune diseases such as diabetes. A recent study has also highlighted its potential role in the development of diabetes. This review examines the linkage between radiation-induced DNA damage and diabetes and Explores how radiation can contribute to the emergence and worsening of this chronic metabolic disorder. This review study aims to offer an exhaustive summary of how radiation-induced DNA damage promotes diabetes hazards, highlighting areas for future studies. Also, taking oral antioxidants to protect from radiation-induced DNA damage and mitigate oxidative damage and inflammatory markers after radiation exposure may reduce the incidence of diabetes. Radiation can cause damage to DNA through ionization, which creates free radicals that attack the DNA structure, leading to mutations or breaks in the DNA strands. If this damage occurs in cells involved in glucose regulation or insulin production, it may contribute to the development of diabetes.
Characterization of Morphological and Optical Properties of MgO:SnO2 Nanostructure Thin Films
The study focuses on investigating the morphological and optical properties of MgO:SnO2 nanostructure films using the precipitation method for nanoparticle synthesis and the chemical spray technique for thin film preparation on glass substrates with different concentrations of MgO1-x: SnO2 x (x=0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5). morphological, and optical, properties of these films have been investigated,The main focus of the study is to analyze the morphological properties of the MgO:SnO2 nanostructure films, This includes studying the nanostructured morphology of the films. The optical properties of the MgO: SnO2 films have been investigated as a function of MgO and the bandgap energy was estimated to be in the range of (3.5- 3.1) eV, The refractive index and extinction coefficient of the films were also determined, and the results indicated that the films had good transparency in the visible region.
MgO:SnO2 films, chemical spray , Nanostructure, Morphological , Optical properties.
Annealing Effect on Structural and Optical Properties of 〖Cd〗_(0.91) 〖Ni〗_(0.09)o Thin Films Prepared by Chemical Spray Pyrolysis
In this study, CdO:Ni thin films with 300 nm thickness and 9% nickel concentration were prepared by spray pyrolysis on glass substrates and annealed at different temperatures (350, 400 and 450) °C. The prepared films were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), and UV visible spectroscopy measurements in the wavelength (400-900) nm. XRD analysis exhibited a cubic crystalline structure. The crystalline size increased with the increase of temperature (23, 61,104,88) nm, also. The prepared annealed thin films showed high optical transmittance in the visible region The optical band gap energy (Eg) be found (2.51, 2.40, 2.27, and 2.22,) eV in before and after annealing temperature (350°C, 400°C and 450°C) respectively.
Numerical Studied for Solving Fuzzy Integro-Differential Equations via Caputo Fractional Derivative
In this paper, we extended some numerical methods to solve fuzzy integro differential equations. The considered problem involves the fractional Caputo derivatives under some conditions on the ordered. As we combine Euler's method with composite Simpsons have been used to determine the solutions of these equations. We extend these numerical techniques to find the best solutions. Extended difference Euler technique is used for this. The results show that the extended Euler method is more accurate in terms of absolute error. Illustrative examples are given to demonstrate the high precision and good performance of the new class.
Euler method, exact solution, approximate solution, fuzzy parameter, Caputo Fractional.
A Posteriori Error Analysis of the FEM Solution for Generic Linear Second-Order ODEs
In this paper, a posteriori error analysis has been examined and investigated for the continuous (conforming) Galerkin finite element method used for solving a general scalar linear second-order ordinary BVPs.
A Review on Development Prospect of CMTS Based Thin Film Solar Cells
CMTS is a quaternary semiconductor similar to copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS) which is nontoxic and abundant on Earth and is a P-type light absorbent material which is suitable for thinfilm solar cell fabrication and achieves better conversion efficiency of 0.78% , as well as having a direct energy gap estimated at (1.76 eV) and a high optical absorption coefficient [20] (α≥ 104 cm-1). In this paper, the development cases of a Cu2MgSnS4 composite in the thin-film industry, as well as its use in solar cell applications, are summarized. Illustrated and explained the difficulty related to processing the raw material, the manufacturing procedure, and manufacturing equipment. Finally, the potential for development of Cu2MgSnS4. Where the focus was on thin films.
Quaternary chalcogenide, Quaternary, Synthesis techniques, Zinc buckle, Stannite structure, Kesterite structure, Cu2MgSnS4.
Estimation of Serum leukotriene and some interleukin Levels in Women Infected with Trichomonas vaginalis Parasite
This case-control study aimed to estimate serum leukotrines IgG, IgA, IgM, Leukotrienes, Interlukin-10, Interlukin-IB and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP) in women infected with Trichomonas vaginalis parasite. In the current study, venous blood samples were collected from (100) women infected with Trichomonas vaginalis parasite who visited the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital in Diyala Governorate, and whose ages ranged between (18-50) years during the period from 20/08/2023 to 01/12/2023. Also, venous blood samples were taken from (150) healthy women as a control group. In this study, the levels of serum (IgG, IgA, IgM, Leukotrienes، Interlukin-10، Interlukin-IB and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP) were estimated. The results showed that the prevalence rate of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in the studied women was 40%. The levels of IgA, IgM, and IgG were significantly elevated (P≤0.05) in the serum of patients compared to the healthy group. Also, the levels of serum LTB4, IL-10, IL-IB, and MCP were significantly increased (P≤0.05) in the patient group compared to the healthy group. It can be concluded from this study that serum levels of (IgG, IgA, IgM, Leukotrienes Interlukin-10, Interlukin-IB and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP) were elevated in women infected with trichomonasiasis.
Trichomonas vaginalis parasite, leukotrienes, interleukins
Estimation of leukotrienes level and some interleukins in the blood serum of women infected with Trichomonas vaginalis parasite
Effect of Arginine and GA3 on Some Qualitative Traits and Active Ingredients of Matricaria chomomilla L.
The experiment was carried out in the one fields of Saba Abcar area - north of Baghdad during winter season of 2022-2023 to study the effect of arginine and gibberellin acid on the some qualitative traits and active ingredients of chamomile plant. The experiment was designed according to randomized complete block design at three replications, the first factor included the spraying of three concentrations of arginine (0, 50 and 150 mg L-1), whereas the second factor included the spraying of three concentrations of GA3 (0, 100 and 200 mg L-1). The results showed that the spraying of arginine at a 50 mg L-1 was significantly superiority in the chlorophyll index (26.63 SPAD), carbohydrates percentage (50.38%) and volatile oil yield (13.84 Kg ha-1), while the spraying of arginine at a 150 mg L-1 was significantly superiority in the protein percentage (10.18%). Also, the results revealed that the spraying of GA3 at 100 mg L-1 was significantly superiority in the chlorophyll index (24.90 SPAD), carbohydrates percentage (50.79%) and volatile oil yield (16.30 Kg ha-1), whereas the spraying of arginine at a 200 mg L-1 was significantly superiority in the protein percentage (9.83%). The interaction between studied factors had significant effect on the all studied traits. Further, the results of HPLC analysis showed a difference in the percentages of the active ingredients of chamomile volatile oil.
Biofilm Formation by Protues Mirabilis Isolated From Patients Suffering From Urinary Tract Infections in Baqubah City
Protues mirabilis has the ability to induce urinary tract infections primarily has to do with the formation of biofilms on catheter and UTI surfaces. This bacteria expresses a number of virulence factors essential to the creation of biofilms. Fifty urine specimens were taken from patients who were hospitalized and under treatment from the clinical laboratories of Baquba Teaching Hospital. Of those fifty specimens, fifteen clinical specimens were positive for isolates of Protues mirabilis. The results showed that all the P. mirabilis isolates under study were 100% resistant to the Gentamicin, Cefotaxime and the resistance of the isolates to Vancomysin and Azithromycin were 90%, Cefixime, Augmentin by 80%, and their resistance to Piperacillin-tazobactam by 70%. According to these percentages, the isolates were divided into two classes Extensively Drug Resistance (XDR) (90%), which were resistant to the seven antibiotics that were used in the study, and (10%) were Multi Drug Resistance (MDR) which were resistant to four antibiotic. Results showed that the P. mirabilis have the ability to produce biofilm, all isolates could produce biofilm but in deferent percentage 70% were strong ,30% were moderate, and the absorbency value was ranged from (0.353 – 0.159). The convention PCR analysis revealed that the gene (Esp), encoding the enzymes that cause Proteus mirabilis to form biofilm, accounted for 15 (40%) of the total.
Biofilm, Vancomysin, Absorbency value, Resistance
Synthesis of ZnO: Cu and Ag Bimetallic Nanoparticles by Laser Ablation
Nanoparticles (ZnO: Ag and Cu) were prepared using the pulsed laser ablation method in liquid. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD), particle size analysis (PSA), UV-visible spectroscopy, and Zeta potential (ZP). the JCPDS standard card for Zn (01-080-0074) validated the hexagonal ZnO structure by X-ray diffraction for (ZnO) and (ZnO: Cu and Ag). we calculated the average crystal size of all the produced samples, and we observe that the crystal size grows as the ratio of copper and silver doping rises. The UV-VIS results showed excellent absorption bands of 290–345 nm, confirming that the Ag-containing nanocomposites absorb visible light. As a result, the spectral absorption band of pure ZnO widens with the adding of Cu and Ag, and the absorption edge moves towards a longer wavelength. This significant increase in absorption in the visible region indicates that the generated nanocomposites can reach a more significant catalytic activity in the visible region. The energy gap value decreases, namely 2.97, 2.90, 2.87, 2.79, 2.65, and 2.488 eV, respectively, due to the increasing doping ratio of silver and copper. ZP data of colloidal solutions containing (ZnO) and (ZnO: Ag and Cu) nanoparticles exhibits negative values indicating increased stability of the nanoparticles. However, the ZP data was found to be dependent on the concentration of the surfactant, with an increase in the zeta potentials value corresponding to an increase in the concentration of the surfactant. The PSA results showed promising outcomes and the absence of nanoparticle agglomeration. The synthesized particles were analyzed using FESEM and IMAGE J software to indicate if the particles were nano-sized. Additionally, the particles spherical and quasi-spherical shapes were investigated and found to be of minimal nanoscale size.
Bimetallic nanoparticles, ZnO, Cu, Ag, doping, laser ablation, Energy gap
Detection of Heart Diseases Using Deep Learning Techniques
Electrocardiography is an effective tool for detecting heart diseases or predicting heart diseases, and previous researchers have approved it as an effective tool in diagnosis. This early diagnosis's essential benefit is reducing deaths due to heart disease because the heart is the most critical part of the human body. From this Starting point, this paper used electrocardiography to diagnose and predict heart disease. A system that supports deep learning by using Convolutional Neural Network and the use of the most critical global data set approved by previous researchers was proposed to diagnose or predict the four most critical pathological conditions, namely (STT abnormalities, myocardial infarction (MI), arrhythmias, and Conduction disturbances and abnormalities) The proposed system goes through three primary stages (processing, classification, and prediction), where CNN deep learning algorithms of the design the proposed system. The data set was used. PTB-XL for calculating healthy and infected samples for complete system training, testing, and prediction. The proposed system achieved good results with a sensitivity of 72.3%, a specificity of 73.90%, an accuracy of 91.33%, an accuracy of 88.69%, and an f1 score of 92.51%.
Geochemical Characteristics of Clay Deposits, Bussaya Area, Southern Iraq
This study concerned with the geochemical characteristics of clay deposits belong to Nfayil beds (Middle Miocene) in Al Muthana Governorate southern Iraq, as a new resource of clay raw material. Twenty three samples of clay deposits were analyzed by using X-Ray Fluorescence technique (XRF) for the major oxides; (SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, MgO, CaO, Na2O, K2O, TiO2, and L.O.I), and trace elements; (V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Sr, Pb, Ga, Rb, Ba, and Zr). The chemical results demonstrated due to the relation between Sr and Cu, that the depositional environment predominated by hot and arid paleoclimate conditions, while from the relation between Al2O3 with (Al2O3, CaO, Na2O, and K2O) reveals a low to relatively moderate chemical weathering. Whereas the ratio of Ni/Co reveals that the deposition was within hypoxic environment, while due to the ratio of Al2O3 / TiO2 in which advocated by Ti- Zr relation which demonstrates that the intermediate igneous rocks as a provenance of the studied clays.
Microfacies Analysis and diagenesis process of Hartha Formation East Baghdad oilfield, center Iraq
This study focused on interpreting the carbonate microfacies of Hartha Formation and the impact of diagenesis processes in selected wells of East Baghdad oil field. A total of 33 thin sections were examined from cutting and core samples. The study revealed distinct microfacies indicating different paleoenvironments. The outer-ramp environment is characterized by mudstone and wackestone microfacies dominated by planktonic foraminifera. Mid-ramp environment is distinguished by lime mudstone, bioclastic wackestone and foraminiferal-bioclastic wackestone. The inner ramp environment is subdivided into shoal, open marine, and restricted subenvironments. The shoal environment is only identified by rudistid grainstone microfacies. The open marine environment includes Benthic foraminifreal wackestone and Foraminiferal-echinoderm packstone. Restricted marine environment consists of mud-support microfacies such as Benthic foraminiferal-bioclastic wackestone and Rotalid wackestone Diagenetic processes affect the textural properties of Hartha Formation microfacies. They include dolomitization, cementation, compaction, and fracturing
Hartha Formation, microfacies, diagenesis processes. East Baghdad oil field, Foraminifera.
Evaluation of the toxicity of the aqueous extract of Ganoderma applanatum (Persoon) Patouillard (1889)
Plants and fungi, are widely used around the world as a source of traditional medicine and human food. Nowadays, scientists and nutritionists encourage the use of plants and fungi although cases of poisoning are frequently reported. Many countries around the world, including the Democratic Republic of the Congo, use Ganoderma applanatum mushroom for its proven therapeutic virtues. However, the people of Sankuru have often suspected it of being poisonous. The purpose of this work was therefore to verify the supposed toxicity of this mushroom. For this, a chemical screening was carried out on the test tubes containing methanolic and aqueous extracts, followed by a screening by thin layer chromatography in order to detect the presence of secondary metabolites. The aqueous extract was administered to mice at doses ranging from 5000 to1000 mg/kg to assess the toxicity of the G. applanatum sample. Examination of Alanine amino-transferase (ALAT) and Asparate amino-transferase (ASAT) in the blood showed no resistance and no alteration of vital organs (liver and heart) even at the highest dose (5000mg/kg). The results of the chemical screening revealed the presence of various compounds, including alkaloids, terpenes, flavonoids, phenols and others. The administration of the different doses did not cause any lethality to the animals used. The results of this study argue in favor of its safety in the traditional treatment of certain diseases by oral route.
Ganoderma applanatum, traditional use, chemical compounds, Sankuru, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Effect Of Ciprofloxacin And Resveratrol Combination On Expression of pelA , pslD, mexA Genes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from lower respiratory tracts.
A total of 200 sputum specimens were collected from the patients infection with Lower Respiratory Tract ( LRT) who attended Baquba Teaching Hospital and Chest Diseases Center Baquab city /Iraq. The study aimed to investigate the effect of resveratrol as efflux pumps inhibitor on ciprofloxacin MIC and compare the effect of two agents on expression of pelA , pslD, mexA genes for P. aeruginosa isolates ,all specimens were inoculated on suitable media for isolation and identification of bacteria by morphological , biochemical tests and molecular diagnosis using the polymerase chain reaction .The results showed that overall prevalence of P. aeruginosa among patients was 24 (12%) isolates were identified .The percentages of the phenotypic detection haemolysin test , pyocinin pigment 100 % and 95.83% respectively. Our study reveal that sub-MIC of Resveratrol cause reduction in MIC of Ciprofloxacin for most isolates, . The combination effect of of resveratrol and Ciprofloxacin on the expression of Biofilms formation genes pelA, psID and efflux pump gene mexA revealed a synergistic impact were cause a reduction in mean of gene expression of this three genes ( 0.45 , 0. 60 . 0.90 ) respectively in three MDR P. aeruginosa isolates.
: P.aeruginosa, pelA, pslD, and mexA genes , Biofilom , Resveratrol , Ciprofloxacin
Physical Characterization of Cu2basns4 Thin Films Deposited At DifferentConcentrations of Sulfur Ions by Chemical Spray Pyrolysis Method
In this work, Cu2BaSnS4 thin films were deposited on soda-lime glass by the chemical spray pyrolysis technique (CSP) at different concentrations of thiourea, with a thickness of about 350 ±10 nm measured by the gravimetric method. The thin films structural and morphological properties were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), as well as optical properties using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at the wavelength range (300–900) nm. We investigated the electrical properties using the Hall effect. Optical band gap of CBTS thin films increased from (1.757 to 1.923) eV when concentrations of thiourea increased from (0.04 to 0.12) M. The Cu2BaSnS4 (CBTS) films have a high absorption coefficient (α > 104 cm-1), indicating allowed direct electron transmission. XRD measurements of Cu2BaSnS4 (CBTS) films revealed a trigonal crystal structure. The XRD pattern preferred the (104) orientation, which has a high intensity and indicates that crystallization is most likely to occur along this plan. Raman spectroscopy of CBTS thin films revealed a protruding peak at ~341 cm-1. The morphological findings and FE-SEM photographs of the thin film surface revealed a variety of structures and forms, one of which resembled cauliflower. Electrical tests revealed the conductivity of (p-type). The calculated electrical conductivity of CBTS thin films was found in the range of 0.053 - 0.184 (Ω.cm)-1. Based on our findings, the Cu2BaSnS4 (CBTS) thin films look to be an excellent choice for an absorber layer in solar cells.