Academic Science Journal

Evaluation of the a-amylase enzyme, Carbohydrate Antigen CA-15.3 ( C.A 15.3),and some biochemical variables in the blood serum of breast cancer patients

Nagham abd, Ebtehal Sabri Mohammed, Amer Fadel Dawood — Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Evaluation of the amylase enzyme and some biochemical variables in the serum of breast cancer patients for all stages of the disease in patients compared to healthy women.

The tumor marker (C.A 15.3) is one of the most reliable markers for monitoring metastatic breast cancer.

The results obtained from this study indicated that (C.A 15.3) values were high in women with breast cancer in all stages of the disease, and the values were very high especially in the last two stages of the disease. Alpha amylase enzyme values, and these values increase with the progression of the disease. It can be considered one of the most important diagnostic markers for breast cancer.

The results of this study also indicate that AST, ALT, and ALP rise, with disease progression.

Keywords: Amylase Enzyme ,Carbohydrate Antigen CA-15.3 , Breast cancer.

دراسة تأثير جسيمات Zn2SnO4 النانوية على النشاط المضاد للبكتيريا باستخدام طريقة المحلول الغروي( Sol-Gel)

Kawther Kawther, Ziad T. Khodair , Firas Mahmoud Hadi — Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

الخلاصة:

في هذه الدراسة، تم تحضير جسيمات ستانات الخارصين Zn2SnO4 (ZTO) النانوية باستخدام طريقة المحلول الغروي sol-gel. استخدمت تقنية حيود الأشعة السينية لفحص جسيماتZn2SnO النانوية والتي أظهرت أنها ذات بنية متعددة البلورات وهي من النوع المكعب. أظهرت قياسات المجهر الإلكتروني الماسح للانبعاث المجال (FE-SEM) أن الجسيمات كانت عبارة عن تراكيب نانوية ذات أشكال منتظمة، وكان متوسط أبعادها 162.01 نانومتر. أظهر المجهر الإلكتروني النافذ (TEM) ظهور صفائح نانوية وأخرى تشبه الميل النانوي. أظهرت جسيمات Zn2SnO4 النانوية نشاطا بيولوجيا ضد البكتيريا المسببة للأمراض، وأظهرت اختلافا في متوسط قطر التثبيط لجميع أنواع البكتيريا المستخدمة، وتراوح متوسط قطر التثبيط من 11 إلى 17 ملم.

Intelligent Antenna Array Systems for Modern Communication Networks

Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In last two decades, Smart Antenna Systems (SAS) as well as Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems have emerged as strong and efficient contenders for 5G wireless communication networks due to the advantages they may bring based on the improvements in transmission and reception of electromagnetic signals with respect to omnidirectional antennas. Although there is a fair amount of academic software previously available in this field, cross-use systems simulators do not utilize sufficient wireless system requirements to implement all requirements, and therefore, they do not provide the opportunity to emulate on the broadest lines where SAS or MIMO is more widely used. In this work, a new idea will be formed to improve MIMO 5th generation (5G) smart antenna using adaptive equalizer technology. This new proposal will appear distinctly and noticeably to improve the performance and efficiency of transmission and reception, in addition to its high sensitivity.

Petrography of Sandstone Units of Injana Formation in Al-Teeb Area South Eastern Iraq

Hasan Kattoof Jasim, Maysoon Omer Ali — Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Abstract
The present study deals with study the sandstone units of injana formation in Alteeb area, east of Missan governorate southeastern Iraq. Ten samples of these sandstone were collected in order thin sectined for petrogtaphic decribtion. these sandstone are composed from quartz (both monocrystalline and polycrystalline), feldspar (potash feldspar and plagioclase feldspar), and rock fragments (sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rock fragmentd), the sedimentary rock fragments composed from; carbonate, chert, old sandstone, mudstone, and evaporate rock fragments. Three types of cement will observe these are: carbonate, evaporate, and iron oxide cement.
These sandstone classify as litharenite, sedarenite, and calclithite, dure to the predominant of carbonate rock fragment. These sandstone chimachaly and michanicaly unstable due to low percentage of stable componants (quarts and chert).
Tectonically the Injana Formation was deposited under convergent plate boundaries: lithic recycled and transitional recycled conditions

Continuous User Verification in Cloud Storage Services using Deep Learning

burhan albayati — Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Cloud storage services have become a new paradigm for storing data user over the Internet. Users can access these services using a simple authentication login. This has led to increased potential attacks and misusing vital customer information. The behavior profiling technique has been successfully investigated as an additional intelligent security measure for continuous verification users after the simple login. A credible accuracy has been achieved when applying the method in a variety of applications such as telecommunication, credit card, and cloud services to detect and monitor misuse. To increase the accuracy of making a reliable decision, this paper proposes to combine two private datasets which are real-life user interactions with the desktop computer and Dropbox Cloud storage. The best experimental result achieved an EER of 3.6% based on applying a deep learning algorithm (CNN). This result indicates and encourages the feasibility of using behavioral profiling to protect cloud users from misuse.

On Nano β_pc-Open Set and Some of Its Application

Saif Saleh, Jamil Mahmoud Jamil — Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

. The major objective of this work is to establish and assemble a new type of Nano pre-open termed a Nano- open set, which is an advanced form of Nano pre-open. Additionally, we identify a class of Nano -open sets in terms of Nano topology elements. Furthermore, this has a number of given properties. In this paper, we introduce a completely novel kind of Nano continuity that we've labeled Nano -continuous functions, and we address many of its characterizations.

A Numerical Study of Linear Two-Points Boundary Value Problems with ODEs of Fourth-Order Using RKM Method

Mohammed S. Mechee, F. A. Fawzi , Shaymaa Mahmoud Abdullah — Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study established the numerical RKM approach for solving linear two-point boundary
value problems involving fourth-order ordinary differential equations. However, the proposed
developed numerical RKM method has been tested using some implementations in order to
compare it with the exact solutions to establish the method's validity. Furthermore, this
comparison demonstrates that the proposed direct integrator is more efficient than the indirect
method in terms of efficiency and accuracy. In addition, numerical implementations are used
in order to show the efficiency and time-based complexity of function evaluations. This direct
method's suggested strategy, which has wonderful qualities like quick and efficient calculation,
also requires fewer computational employees.

Synthesis and biological evaluation for some metal complexes with a new ligand (E)-3-(((2-amino-4-methylphenyl)imino)methyl)-4H-chromen-4-one

Adel Salim, Jinan Mohammed Mahmood Al-Zinkee, Areej Ali Jarullah — Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) Zn(II), and Cd (II) with the ligand 3-(((2-amino-4-methylphenyl)imino)methyl)-4H-chromen-4-one derived 3-formyl chromone with 4-methyl-O-phenylenediamine were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, electronic spectra, magnetic moment and molar conductance. The prepared complexes have the general formulae [M(C₁₇H₁₄N₂O₂)₂]Cl₂, M = Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) except complex of cadmium it have the formulae [Cd(C₁₇H₁₄N₂O₂)Cl]Cl. The data which obtain from analysis indicate that the complexes have octahedral geometry around the metal center except cadmium complex exhibit tetrahedral geometry. Two types of bacteria (E.coli ) and (S. aureus ) used to estimate the biological activities of complexes .

Evaluation of Antitumer activity of Ammi Majus seeds extract on Some cancer cell line

Shahd Amer Ismael, Izdehar Mohammed Jasim, Saba Adnan Abbas — Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Cancer is one of the major health problems in the world and is one of the important causes of an increase in deaths among children and adults , Today many of the treatment methods are used to treat cancer. Unfortunately, in most cases very poor response is often associated with undesirable side effects has been made researchers to achieve more effective drugs with fewer side effects. The current study aimed to detect the effect of Ammi majus seeds extracts ( aqueous and ethanolic extracts) in treating somecancerous lines (HepG2 and Hela ) human cancer cell lines.The current study was perfomedin Iraqi Center for Cancer and Medical Genetics Research (ICCMGR) in Baghdad from December to March (2023). The cancer cell lines were treated with different concentrations (6.25 ,12.5 ,25, 50, 100,200 )of the Ammi majus seeds extracts (aqueous and ethanolic extracts).The results showed the effect of both seeds extracts (aqueous and alcoholic) on the growth of Helacell lines increased with increasing the concentration and give highest inhibition rate( 3.93 ± 72.69 % and 3.93± 91.87 ) in respectively ,at a concentration ( 200 µg/ml,)Wheareas the highest inhibition rate for the seedsextracts (aqueous and alcoholic) on the growth of HepG2 was ( 3.18 ± 68.86 % and 1.36± 79.31 %) in respectively, at a concentration ( 200µg/ml ), The current study concluded that the aqueous and alcoholic extracts of the Ammimajus seeds plant has an effect in the process of inhibiting cancer cell lines.making this plant a promising candidate for cancer treatment.

Relation between Renal Function and Insulin Resistance of Type 2 Diabetic Iraqi Patients

Rami Fadhel Lefta, Ekhlas Abdallah Hassan — Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a condition where the body's ability to regulate and utilize
glucose as fuel is compromised. As a result of this chronic ailment, excess sugar circulates in
the bloodstream. Thus, it can be described as a cluster of metabolic disorders that manifest
through factors like insulin resistance and give rise to various complications. These conditions
impact several physiological organs, leading to reduced efficiency in their functioning. The
objective of this study was to assess the level of insulin in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus
(T2DM) and to interpret the relationship between insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and renal
function. The methods employed in this investigation were designed to achieve these specific
aims, seventy patients and twenty controls were involved for this study. The patients of T2DM
was divided into three group according to them eGFR, 20 stage I patients (G1), 25 stage II
diabetic patients (G2) and 25 stage III diabetic patients (G3). Insulin, fasting plasma glucose
(FBG), HbA1c, and renal function were measured in all subject. The study's findings indicated
that patients in Group 3 (G3) with elevated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) exhibited
significantly higher insulin levels (14.48 μIU/ml) and HOMA-IR values (8.66) compared to
other patients. Moreover, diabetic patients had significantly higher serum insulin levels than
those in the healthy control group (P<0.001). The diabetic group also demonstrated a marked

degree of insulin resistance compared to the healthy control group. Additionally, a negative
correlation was observed between HOMA-IR, eGFR, and Duration in the diabetic patients.
Conclusion: higher insulin levels and insulin resistance appear to contribute to the development
of chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Molecular Detection of Candida tropicalis Isolated from Immunocompromised Patients with Otitis Media

Aymen Nazar Khalil, Abbas M. Ammari — Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Otomycoses are fungal infections that affect the external ear canal and, in some cases with perforated tympanic membranes, the middle ear. Candida are most common fungal genera causative agents of otomycoses. Candida tropicalis is a species of yeast in the genus Candida. One hundred swaps were collected from patients with otitis media who attended ENT consulting clinic at Baquba Teaching Hospital for a period extended from 15^th of December 2022 to the 15^th of March 2023. The specimens were collected from immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients (50 each of). Clinical diagnosis was done by consultant Otolaryngologist. Cultural methods including (Sabouraud's dextrose agar medium (SDA) and Hi-Chrom Candida agar) media with incubating at 37°C for 48 h, and Molecular methods (Conventional PCR and gene sequencing) for ITS and Als2 genes were used for identification of C. tropicalis . The susceptibility of isolated C. tropicalis was tested toward fluconazole (10 mg) and miconazole (10 mg) antifungals by using disk diffusion method. The results were males have the highest rate among immunocompromised patients with otitis media (58.0%). According to the rate of C. tropicalis identification, 14.0% (7 out of 50) isolates were collected from otitis media immunocompromised patients. Antibiotic susceptibility results revealed that only 3 isolates of C. tropiclais (25.0%) were resistant against both antibiotics (Fluconazole and Miconazole). PCR results showed that the molecular weight of ITS and als2 genes are was 520 bp and 80 bp., respectively. The mutant isolate, has more than one substitution mutations. We are concluded that Candida tropicalis is reported as the most causative agent of otitis media. Als2 gene may be play an important role in the virulence of C. tropicalis among immunocompromised patients with otitis media.

Porosity Evolution of the Early Cretaceous, Qamchuqa Formation in northeastern part, Iraq

Abdalratha Mohammed sahaab — Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The Qamchuqa Formation was studied in Kosrat Anticline in Dokan area in Sulaimanyia governorate, Kurdistan region, Northeastern Iraq. The 14 slides of 14 rock samples were maked and studied under different microscopes. Petrographic properties and types of pores determined in this study, related to Qamchuqa Formation. The formation consists of three units. Lower Unit (162 m) consists of dark grey, massive limestone. Middle Unit (139 m) consists of alternation of grey very coarse crystalline dolomitic limestone and yellowish green marl. Upper Unit (384 m) consists of grey massive limestone and dolomitic limestone.

The high values of porosity in the Qamchuqa Formation can be resulted from vuggy porosity and the stylolite systems too. The high values of porosity in last stage of pores evolution can be attributed to intercrystal porosity, vuggy porosity and secondary fractures systems.

Three types of pores were found in Qamchuqa Formation, these are intercrystal dolomite pores, vuggy pores, and microfracturs pores. The Qamchuqa Formation in the present study at Kosrt anticline can be considered as a petroleum reservoir because of the ratio of bitumen materials to the size of pores. As well as, Qamchuqa Formation in the present study is characterized by leakage of petroleum materials to the surface.

Preparation and Characterization of TiO2 Nanoparticles via a Sol- gel Method

maryam satar, Olfat A. Mahmood, Zainab N. Jameel — Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by the sol-gel method by using TiCl4 as a starting
material, whereas the applied temperatures were 450 °C and 900 °C. The XRD results showed
that nanoparticle (TiO2 NPs) anatase and rutile phases had a polycrystalline nature with a
tetragonal structure. FESEM results showed the formation of nanostructures with cauliflower
and irregular shapes with average particle sizes of 36.9 nm and 58 nm for the Anatase and Rutile
phases, respectively. The EDS spectra showed that the elements present in the synthesized TiO2
NP (anatase and rutile) phases were Ti and oxygen O. The FTIR spectra of TiO2 NPs showed
the presence of broadband at 450–4000 cm−1
corresponding to the stretching vibration of
terminating hydroxyl groups in the samples. The UV‒Vis-NIR absorbance spectra were
recorded in the range of 300–900 nm to investigate the optical characteristics. Results showed
that the absorption of TiO2 in the Anatase phase is less than that of TiO2 in the Rutile phase.
The optical energy gaps were 3.05 and 2.7 eV for the Anatase and Rutile phases, respectively.
Keywords: TiO2, Anatase phase, Rutile phase, FE-SEM, EDS.