The Effects of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines on Human Body and Their Relation with Diseases (Review Article)

Abstract

Cytokines are important mediators in inflammatory disorders that affect the entire body.
Signaling molecules called pro-inflammatory cytokines, also known as inflammatory
cytokines, are released by the immune system cells including macrophages and T helper cells
(Th), which promote inflammation. Interleukin-1 (IL-1), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and Interleukin-
12 (IL-12) are pro-inflammatory cytokines which are released during the inflammations. Other
inflammatory cytokines are interleukin-18 (IL-18), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumour necrosis
factor-alpha (TNF-α), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)
mediate the innate immune response. Immune cells, and activated macrophages release
inflammatory cytokines to orchestrate inflammatory responses; however, continuous chronic
inflammation release high levels of inflammatory cytokines creating inflammatory
microenvironment that are associated with a variety of illnesses, including atherosclerosis,
cancer, and other conditions. Although the quantity of inflammation caused by the production
of pro-inflammatory cytokines is influenced by ageing, health preservation needs a balance
between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Inflammatory diseases therapy employs
monoclonal antibodies that can neutralize inflammatory cytokines or block their receptors.

Conclusion: A review of previous research shows a strong correlation between cytokines and
inflammatory diseases.