A Effect of Melatonin and Glutathione on the Vegetative Characteristics of (Capsicum annuum L). Grown Under Conditions of Cadmium Pollution
Melatonin and Glutathione on the Vegetative Characteristics
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24237/ASJ.03.02.829BKeywords:
Melatonin, GlutathioneAbstract
This current study was conducted an agricultural nursery in the Al-Muqdadiya district which is in the north of Baqubah, the center of Diyala governorate and lies 90 km north east of the capital Baghdad. The experiment was done in autumn on capsicum annuum L, Hybrid Barbarian F1, the Indian origin. It aimed to investigate the impact of treatment with melatonin and glutathione on the Vegetative features of capsicum annuum L grown under polluted conditions with cadmium. The experiment was carried out according to Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D.) in three replicates. It includes three transactions, these were cadmium which was added to soil with the two concentrations 0 and 15 mg.kg soil-1, whereas melatonin and glutathione were added spreading on the leaves with the concentrations 0,50, and 100 mg.l-1. The results showed a significant decrement in plant height, number of leaves, and leaf area as a result of treating the agricultural soil with cadmium at a concentration of 15 mg.kg soil-1, compared to the treatment without the addition of cadmium, i.e. the control treatment. It was also shown from the results obtained that there was a significant increase in all the studied traits as a result of spraying the plants with melatonin and that the highest average for each of the plant height, number of leaves, and leaf area was obtained as a result of spraying the plants with melatonin at a concentration of 100 mg. l -1. Significant increases were also obtained in all the traits under study as a result of spraying plants with glutathione at a concentration of 100 mg.l-1.
References
[1] H. Ali, E. Khan, What are heavy metals? Long-standing controversy over the scientific use of the term heavy metals–proposal of a comprehensive definition, Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry, 100(1), 6-19(2018), DOI(10.1080/02772248.2017.1413652)
[2] D. Varagiya, B. Jethva, D. Pandya, Feather heavy metal contamination in various species of waterbirds from Asia: a review, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 194(1), 26(2022), DOI(https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-021-09678-8)
[3] P. Zhou, M. Adeel, N. Shakoor, M. Guo, Y. Hao, I. Azeem, Y. Rui, Application of nanoparticles alleviates heavy metals stress and promotes plant growth: An overview, Nanomaterials, 11(1), 26(2020), DOI(https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11010026)
[4] G. Genchi, M. S. Sinicropi, G. Lauria, A. Carocci, A. Catalano, The effects of cadmium toxicity, International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(11), 3782(2020), DOI(https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113782)
[5] M. V. PEREZ-CHACA, M. A. R. Í. A. RODRIGUEZ-SERRANO, A. S. Molina, H. E. Pedranzani, F. Zirulnik, L. M. Sandals, M. C. ROSEMARY-DOORS, Cadmium induces two waves of reactive oxygen species in G lycine max (L.) roots, Plant, Cell & Environment, 37(7), 1672-1687(2014), DOI(https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.12280)
[6] A. Sharma, B. Zheng, Melatonin mediated regulation of drought stress: Physiological and molecular aspects, Plants, 8(7), 190(2019), DOI(https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8070190)
[7] M. B. Arnao, J. Hernández-Ruiz, Melatonin and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: a model for the plant redox network, Melatonin Research, 2(3), 152-168(2019)
[8] M. Tan, Y. Yin, X. Ma, J. Zhang, W. Pan, M. Tan, H. Li, Glutathione system enhancement for cardiac protection: pharmacological options against oxidative stress and ferroptosis, Cell Death & Disease, 14(2), 131(2023), DOI(https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-023-05645-y)
[9] F. Cao, M. Fu, R. Wang, P. Diaz-Vivancos, M. A. Hossain, Exogenous glutathione-mediated abiotic stress tolerance in plants, Glutathione in plant growth, development, and stress tolerance, 171-194(2017), DOI(https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66682-2_8)
[10] H. Elkhatib, S. M. Gabr, A. A. Elazomy, Salt stress relief and growth-promoting effect of sweet pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) by glutathione, selenium, and humic acid application, Alexandria Science Exchange Journal, 42(3), 583-608(2021), DOI(https://doi.org/10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2021.183461)
[11] M. Hasanuzzaman, K. Nahar, A. Rahman, J. A. Mahmud, H. FAlharby, M. Fujita, Exogenous glutathione attenuates lead-induced oxidative stress in wheat by improving antioxidant defense and physiological mechanisms, Journal of Plant Interactions, 13(1), 203-212(2018), DOI(https://doi.org/10.1080/17429145.2018.1458913)
[12] KMR. Karim, MY. Rafii, Misran, MFB. Ismail, AR. Harun, MMH. Khan, MFN. Chowdhury, Current and Prospective Strategies in the Varietal Improvement of Chilli (Potatoes L.) Specially Heterosis Breeding, Agronomy, 11(11), 2217(2021), DOI(https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11112217)
[13] R. L. Jarret, G. E. Barboza, F. R. da Costa Batista, T. Berke, Y. Y. Chou, A. Hulse-Kemp, A. Szoke, Capsicum—An abbreviated compendium, Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 144(1), 3-22(2019), DOI(https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS04446-18)
[14] L. Colney, W. Tyagi, M. Rai, Morphological and molecular characterization of two distinct chilli cultivars from North Eastern India with special reference to pungency related genes, Science of Horticulture, 240, 1-10(2018), DOI(https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.05.045)
[15] D. Zhang, X. Sun, M. Battino, X. Wei, J. Shi, L. Zhao, X. Zou, A comparative overview on chili pepper (capsicum genus) and sichuan pepper (zanthoxylum genus): From pungent spices to pharma-foods, Trends in Food Science & Technology, 117, 148-162(2021), DOI(https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2021.03.004)
[16] N. T. Saied, Studies of variation in primary productivity morphology in relation to elective improvement of broad-leaved tree pecies, Ph. D. Thesis.National Univ. Ireland, (1997)
[17] SAS. Statistical Analysis System, User's Guide, Statistical. Version 9.6th ed. (SAS. Inst. Inc. Cary. N.C. USA, 2018)
[18] I. Saidi, M. Ayouni, A. Dhieb, Y. Chtourou, W. Chaïbi, W. Djebali, Oxidative damages induced by short-term exposure to cadmium in bean plants: protective role of salicylic acid, South African Journal of Botany, 85, 32-38(2013), DOI(https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2012.12.002)
[19] F. B. Wu, G. Zhang, Genotypic differences in effect of Cd on growth and mineral concentrations in barley seedlings, Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 69, 219-227(2002), DOI(https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-002-0050-5)
[20] W. Liu, S. Shang, X. Feng, G. Zhang, F. Wu, Modulation of exogenous selenium in cadmium‐induced changes in antioxidative metabolism, cadmium uptake, and photosynthetic performance in the 2 tobacco genotypes differing in cadmium tolerance, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 34(1), 92-99(2015), DOI(https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2760)
[21] S. Singh, S. M. Prasad, Growth, photosynthesis and oxidative responses of Solanum melongena L. seedlings to cadmium stress: mechanism of toxicity amelioration by kinetin, Science of Horticulture, 176, 1-10(2014), DOI(https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2014.06.022)
[22] W. Cui, L. Li, Z. Gao, H. Wu, Y. Xie, W. Shen, Haem oxygenase-1 is involved in salicylic acid-induced alleviation of oxidative stress due to cadmium stress in Medicago sativa, Journal of experimental botany, 63(15), 5521-5534(2012), DOI(https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ers201)
[23] A. Khan, S. Khan, M. A. Khan, Z. Qamar, M. Waqas, The uptake and bioaccumulation of heavy metals by food plants, their effects on plants nutrients, and associated health risk: a review, Environmental science and pollution research, 22, 13772-13799(2015), DOI(https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4881-0)
[24] L. Hernandez-Bautista, L. I. Trejo-Tellez, F. C. Gomez-Merino, SGarcia-Morales, O. Tejeda-Sartorius, Physiological and nutrient changes in sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seedlings caused by cadmium. International Journal of Environmental Pollution, 31(4), 389-396(2015)
[25] J. Liu, R. Zhang, Y. Sun, Z. Liu, W. Jin, Y. Sun, The beneficial effects of exogenous melatonin on tomato fruit properties, Science of Horticulture, 207, 14-20(2016), DOI(https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2016.05.003)
[26] N. Zhang, B. Zhao, H. J. Zhang, S. Weeda, C. Yang, Z. C. Yang, Y. D. Guo, Melatonin promotes water‐stress tolerance, lateral root formation, and seed germination in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), Journal of pineal research, 54(1), 15-23(2013), DOI(https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-079X.2012.01015.x)
[27] M. Asif, A. Pervez, R. Ahmad, Role of melatonin and plant‐growth‐promoting rhizobacteria in the growth and development of plants, CLEAN–Soil, Air, Water, 47(6), 1800459(2019), DOI(https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.201800459)
[28] G. Yakupoğlu, The Effect of Exogenous Melatonin Application on Some Biochemical Properties and Mineral Matter Uptake in Pepper Grown in Lime Medium, Healthy plants, 1-13(2022), DOI(https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-022-00737-9)
[29] T. Pasternak, K. Palme, I. A. Paponov, Glutathione enhances auxin sensitivity in Arabidopsis roots, Biomolecules, 10(11), 1550(2020), DOI(https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10111550)
[30] M. S. Abdel-Wahed, L. A. Hameed, A. Salamjwar, Effect of glutathione and ascorbic acid on some physical characteristics of seedlings of grape plant Halawani cultivar Vitis vinifera L., University of Thi-Qar Journal of agricultural research, 11(2), 122-130(2022)
[31] O. Uzal, F. Yasar, Effects Of Ga 3 Hormone Treatments On Ion Uptake And Growth Of Pepper Plants Under Cadmium Stress, Applied Ecology & Environmental Research, (2017), DOI(http://dx.doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1504_13471357)
[32] M. Rivas-San Vicente, J. Plasencia, Salicylic acid beyond defence: its role in plant growth and development, Journal of experimental botany, (2011), DOI(https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/err031)
[33] S. Hayat, Q. Fariduddin, B. Ali, A. Ahmad, Effect of salicylic acid on growth and enzyme activities of wheat seedlings, Acta Agronomica Hungarica, (2005), DOI(https://doi.org/10.1556/AAgr.53.2005.4.9)
[34] S. Alamri, B. K. Kushwaha, V. P. Singh, M. H. Siddiqui, A. A. Al‐Amri, Q. D. Alsubaie, H. M. Ali, Ascorbate and glutathione independently alleviate arsenate toxicity in brinjal but both require endogenous nitric oxide, Physiology of Plants, (2021), DOI(https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.13411)
[35] C. Kaya, B. Murillo-Amador, M. Ashraf, Involvement of L-cysteine desulfhydrase and hydrogen sulfide in glutathione-induced tolerance to salinity by accelerating ascorbate-glutathione cycle and glyoxalase system in capsicum, Antioxidants, 9(7), 603(2020), DOI(https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9070603)
[36] O. A. Al-Elwany, G. F. Mohamed, H. A. Abdurrahman, A. A. A. LATEF, Exogenous glutathione-mediated tolerance to deficit irrigation in salt-affected Capsicum frutescence (L.) plants is connected with higher antioxidant content and ionic homeostasis, Botanical notes of the Agrobotanical Garden of Cluj-Napoca, 48(4), 1957-1979(2020), DOI(https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha48412126)
[37] A. Lux, M. Martinka, M. Vaculík, P. J. White, Root responses to cadmium in the rhizosphere: A review, J. Exp. Bot., 21–37(2010), DOI(https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erq281)
[38] M. Rizwan, S. Ali, M. Adrees, M. Ibrahim, D. C. Tsang, M. Zia-ur-Rehman, Y. S. Ok, A critical review on effects, tolerance mechanisms and management of cadmium in vegetables, Chemosphere, 182, 90-105(2017),DOI(https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.013)
[39] M. B. Arnao, J. Hernández‐Ruiz, Protective effect of melatonin against chlorophyll degradation during the senescence of barley leaves, Journal of pineal research, 46(1), 58-63(2009),DOI(https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-079X.2008.00625.x)
[40] J. Ye, S. Wang, X. Deng, L. Yin, B. Xiong, X. Wang, Melatonin increased maize (Zea mays L.) seedling drought tolerance by alleviating drought-induced photosynthetic inhibition and oxidative damage, Journal of plant physiology, 38(2), 48(2016),DOI(https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-015-2045-y)
[41] Q. Wang, A. Bang, S. Haitao, L. Hongli, H. Chaozu, High concentration of melatonin regulates leaf development by suppressing cell proliferation and endoreduplication in Arabidopsis, Int J Mol Sci, 18, 991(2017),DOI(https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18050991)
[42] M. A. Altaf, Y. Hao, H. Shu, M. A. Mumtaz, S. Cheng, M. N. Alyemeni, Z. Wang, Melatonin enhanced the heavy metal-stress tolerance of pepper by mitigating the oxidative damage and reducing the heavy metal accumulation, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 454, 131468(2023),DOI(https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131468)
[43] R. Mittler, ROS are good, Trends in plant science, 22(1), 11-19(2017)
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 CC BY 4.0

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.