Hydrothermal Method for Synthesizing and Characterizing LiMn2O4 as a Cathode Material for Rechargeable (Li-ion) Battery Applications
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24237/ASJ.03.02.862DKeywords:
hydrothermal method, CV, Warburg Impedance, the Coulombic efficiency.Abstract
This research involved the production of the spinel compound LiMn2O4 as the cathode active substance for Li-ion cells using the hydrothermal method. The field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) was employed for an evaluative analysis of the external surface morphology of the synthesized material. The crystal structure of the spinel material was confirmed using X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The XRD graph exhibited no signs of impurity peaks, confirming a singular crystal structure phase. As per the Scherrer equation, the crystal size was estimated at 12.65 nm. The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) spectra for the equipped sample showed the existence of manganese and oxygen, and the concentrations were very close to the elemental composition used. Electrochemical attributes were investigated through galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) cycling and cyclic voltammetry (CV) in a specific voltage range. The LiMn2O4sample displayed a charge capacity of 111.6 mAhg-1 and a discharge capacity of 109.9 mAhg-1. The Coulombic efficiency exhibited by this electrode was 98.4%. After 100 cycles, the capacity retention was as high as 57.1%. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements of the LiMn2O4 electrode, including the electrolyte bulk resistance (Rs), charge transfer resistance (Rct), and Warburg Impedance (Wo), were 8.1 ohms, 127.5 ohms, and 0.86 ohms, respectively.
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