Phylogenetic Analysis of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec) in Staphylococcus epidermidis Associated with Different Clinical Infections
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24237/Keywords:
Gentamicin resistance, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis, PVL gene, Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec , PCR Polymerase chain reaction.Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis is one of the coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CONS) that are now well-recognized as important nosocomial pathogens associated with infections of indwelling medical devices. This study aims to detect phenotyping and genotyping of Methicillin resistance by cefoxitin test and mec A among healthcare-associated infections and then detect genotyping of SCC, PVL and aminoglycoside genes. Twenty-seven isolates were obtained from 222 specimens (burn, wound, ear, nasal, throat swabs, urine, blood, fluid, and abscesses). According to the cefoxitin test, divided methicillin-resistant (MRSE) was 17/27 (62.9%), and methicillin-susceptible (MSSE) was 10 (37.03%). Resistance to antibiotics revealed that resistance to Ceftriaxone (96.2%), Amoxilline-clavulanic acid (29.6%), Aminoglycosides group (Gentamycin, Netlimycin, Streptomycin, Kanamycin, Amikacin and Tobramycin) are 14.4%, 3.7%, 3.7%, 48.1%, 3.7% and 14.8%, respectively, Azithromycin (74%), Ciprofloxacin (33.3%) and Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (70.3%), Tetracyclin (51.8%). Antibiotic susceptibility testing of the S. epidermidis isolates showed that 5 (18.5%), 10 (37.03 %), and 12 (44.4%) of the isolates were MDS, MDR, and XDR, respectively. In the current study, (5) MRSE Gentamycin resistant isolates were subjected to polymerase chain reaction technique, and the results revealed (80%) of isolates have mec A. In contrast, the result of the PVL gene was (0%). This result indicates that all isolates were Hospital acquired. The frequent aminoglycoside genes (aac(6')-le-aph(2''), aph(3’)-IIIa and ant(4’)-Ia) were 20%, 20%, and 20%, respectively. In the present investigation, multiplex PCR showed that SCCmec type I was the predominant type. Most isolates 3/5 (60%) were type I, followed by 2/5 (40%) were non-typeable. We couldn’t identify MRSE isolates of the SCCmec types II or III, IV and V, probably due to the limited number of isolates analyzed. The results of typing 5 isolates of extensively drug-
2
resistant MR-Staph. epidermidis indicated the presence of 4 distinct clones, and one isolate was unique. It is considered the parent isolate for other cloned isolates.Bio
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