The Molecular Typing of Extensively Drug Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Isolates Using Arbitrarily Primed PCR (AP-PCR)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24237/ASJ.02.03.815BKeywords:
Acinetobacter baumannii, Antibiotic Resistance, XDR, Arbitaly PCR, GenotypingAbstract
The genotypic analysis of the strains can provide information to evaluate the genetic links between strains and epidemiological investigations, and it is critical for tracking their circulation in various geographic regions. The goal of this study was to detect genetic similarities and differences between clinical extensively drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from different hospitals in Diyala/Iraq by using Arbitrarily-PCR technique. This study was carried out during the period between October 2022 and March 2023. Out of 200 specimens, 30 isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii were recovered.Identification of isolates was carried out by conventional methods as well as by VITEK 2 compact system. Antibiotic resistance of A. baumannii isolates was determined by disc diffusion method. All A. baumannii isolates were resistance to ( Piperacillin, Ceftazidime, Cefepime, Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone, Ampicillin–sulbactam, Piperacillin–sulbactam, Ticarcillin–clavulanic acid, Gentamicin, Amikacin) in percentage (100%) While resistance to Imepenem and Meropenem 76.7%, Levofloxacin 66.7% and finally to Ciprofloxacin 63.3%, eleven(11) isolates (36.7%) were MDR, and nineteen (19) isolates (63.3%) were XDR . The genetic variability of 19 extensively drug resistant A. baumannii strains were investigated with the AP-PCR method, the genetic fingerprint 14 bands with molecular weights ranging from (300-4000) bp. AP-PCR typing showed a total of 19 XDR-A. baumannii isolates revealed 13 different clones with 90% similarity cutoff value include 6 groups of genotypes and 7 unique isolates. The present study concluded by demonstrating that the AP-PCR approach is a reliable, simple, quick, and cost-effective tool for examining the genetic diversity of A. baumannii isolates.
References
S. B. Almasaudi, Acinetobacter spp. as nosocomial pathogens: Epidemiology and resistance features, Saudi journal of biological sciences, 25(3), 586-596(2018)
W. Huo, L. M. Busch, J. Hernandez-Bird, E. Hamami, C. W. Marshall, E. Geisinger, R. R. Isberg, Immunosuppression broadens evolutionary pathways to drug resistance and treatment failure during Acinetobacter baumannii pneumonia in mice, Nature Microbiology, 7(6), 796-809(2022)
J. W. Sahl, J. D. Gillece, J. M. Schupp, V. G. Waddell, E. M. Driebe, D. M. Engelthaler, P. Keim, Evolution of a pathogen: a comparative genomics analysis identifies a genetic pathway to pathogenesis in Acinetobacter, PloS one, 8(1), e54287(2013)
R. Aljindan, K. Alsamman, N. Elhadi, ERIC-PCR genotyping of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from different clinical specimens, Saudi journal of medicine and medical sciences, 6(1), 13(2018)
A. Nutman, D. Marchaim, How to: molecular investigation of a hospital outbreak, Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 25(6), 688-695(2019)
A. Maleki, J. Vandyousefi, Z. Mirzaie, S. Ghafourian, H. Kazemian, N. Sadeghifard, Molecular Analysis of the Isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from Tehran Hospitals Using ERIC-PCR Method, Modern Medical Laboratory Journal, 1(1), 12-16(2017)
H. Zhu, H. Zhang, Y. Xu, S. Laššáková, M. Korabečná, P. Neužil, PCR past, present and future, Biotechniques, 69(4), 317-325(2020)
A. Fukatsu, O. Tsuzukibashi, M. Fuchigami, Y. Ono, S. Uchibori, Y. Takahashi, M. Fukumoto, Origin of Candida albicans in Human Oral Cavity, Open Journal of Stomatology, 12(4), 137-145(2022)
V. Sanchez-Encinales, R. Alvarez-Marin, M. E. PachonIbanez, F. Fernandez-Cuenca, A. Pascual, J. GarnachoMontero, L. Martinez-Martinez, J. Vila, M. M. Tomas, J. M. Cisneros, G. Bou, J. Rodriguez-Bano, J. Pachon, Y. Smani, Overproduction of outer membrane protein A by Acinetobacter baumannii as a risk factor for nosocomial pneumonia, bacteremia, and mortality rate increase, J. Infect. Dis., 215,966–974(2017)
E. J. Baron, S. M. Finegold, I. Peterson, Diagnostic Microbiology, 9th ed., (Mosby Company Missouri, 2007), 334-339
H. J. Benson, Microbiological Applications, (New York, 2001)
CLSI. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. 32nd ed. CLSI supplement M100, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, (2022)
C. Özkul, G. Hazırolan, Oxacillinase Gene Distribution, Antibiotic Resistance, and Their Correlation with Biofilm Formation in Acinetobacter baumannii Bloodstream Isolates, Microbial Drug Resistance, 27(5), 637-646(2021)
P. H. A. Sneath, Sokal, Numerical taxonomy – the principals and practice of numerical classification, (W.H. Freeman and Co., San Francisco, 1973)
N. F. Z. Al-Ghazaly, N. S. S. Tuwaij, Genetic Detection of Folate Pathway Inhibitors Genes among Acinetobacter spp. Isolates, The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine, 88(1), 3537-3542(2022)
J. K. Rahman, A. A. Ahmed, A. R. Ganjo, T. S. Mohamad, Assessment of toxicity, anti-quorum sensing and anti-biofilm production effects of Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra extract on multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, Journal of King Saud University-Science, 102714(2023)
S. S. Khoramrooz, S. Eslami, M. Motamedifar, A. Bazargani, K. Zomorodian, High Frequency of Class I and II Integrons and the Presence of aadA2 and dfrA12 Gene Cassettes in the Clinical Isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii from Shiraz, Southwest of Iran, Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology, 14(12), (2021)
M. Hazhirkamal, O. Zarei, M. Movahedi, P. Karami, L. Shokoohizadeh, M. Taheri, Molecular typing, biofilm production, and detection of carbapenemase genes in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from different infection sites using ERIC-PCR in Hamadan, west of Iran, BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology, 22(1), 32-32(2021)
H. Gautam, B. Maheshwari, S. Mohapatra, S. Sood, B. Dhawan, A. Kapil, B. Tezpur, Clonal relationship among Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from different clinical specimens by ERIC-PCR, International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 116, S18-S19(2022)
P. Villalon, S. Valdezate, M. J. Medina-Pascual, V. Rubio, A. Vindel, J. A. Saez-Nieto, Clonal diversity of nosocomial epidemic Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated in Spain, J. Clin. Microbiol., 49,875–882(2011)
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 CC BY 4.0
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.