Eco-friendly Synthesis of Ag Nanoparticles with Detecting Antibacterial Activity on Gram-Positive Bacteria from UTI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24237/04.02.624Keywords:
Nigella sativa, UTI, Ag NPs, Gram-positive bacteriaAbstract
Urinary tract infection is a worldwide health issue caused by various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and the misuse of antibiotics has contributed to increasing antimicrobial resistance among bacterial pathogens. In the present study, 150 urine specimens were collected between the beginning of December 2023 and the end of April 2024 from patients attending Baqubah Teaching Hospital and Al-Batoul Teaching Hospital in Diyala. The specimens were distributed among 60 males and 90 females. The isolates were identified by bacteriological and biochemical tests, which revealed two species belonging to Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus 50 (33.3%) and Enterococcus faecalis 10 (6.7%), whereas four species belonged to Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli 30 (20%), Acinetobacter baumannii 22 (14.7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 20 (13.3%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 18 (12%). The identification was then confirmed by the Vitek-2 system. Susceptibility tests were performed for all isolates against 14 antibiotics using the disk diffusion method, which indicated that more than half of the isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR). Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were biosynthesized using silver nitrate (AgNO3) as a substrate with aqueous extract of Nigella sativa seeds. The formation of Ag NPs was evidenced by a color change from light yellow to dark brown. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). AFM and SEM analyses indicated that nanoparticle sizes ranged from 25 to 60 nm, while XRD revealed an average crystallite size of 20 nm. The antibacterial activity of Ag NPs showed notable effects against bacterial isolates, with the highest inhibitory diameter observed at 200 mg/ml reaching 25 mm. The MIC of Nigella sativa ranged from 3.125 to 12.5 ug/ml, whereas that of Ag nanoparticles ranged from 1.5 to 12.5 ug/ml.
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