A Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Hibiscus Extract for the Remediation of Polluted Diyala River

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24237/04.02.580

Keywords:

Biological pollutants, Green synthesis, Antibacterial activity, Water pollution, Gram-negative bacteria

Abstract

In this study, biological and chemical pollutants from various points of Diyala River (wastewater, sewage, orchard water, running water, and liquefied water) were treated by synthesizing silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) by green synthesis method using hibiscus flower extract. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). XRD technique showed that the silver nanoparticles were polycrystalline with the predominant direction (122) (111), (200) (220) (311), while (EFSEM) showed that the silver nanoparticles were spherical. The biological properties of total aerobic bacteria (TPC) and chemical properties, including p, total dissolved salts (TDS), and total suspended solids (TSS) of the water, were tested before and after treatment with silver nanoparticles. All rates of biological and chemical properties decreased after treatment. Silver nanoparticles also showed excellent antibacterial activity against Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria (Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Cholera, and Escherichia coli) commonly found in contaminated water by adding different ratios of silver nanoparticles and the best concentration to obtain a clear inhibition zone relative to other concentrations was 100%.

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Author Biographies

  • zainab mahdi, college of science- university of Diyala

    Zainab Saad Mahdi is a lecturer at College of Science, University of Diyala, Iraq. She received the B.Sc., M.Sc. and Ph. D degrees in physics from the College of Education, Mustansiriyah University in Iraq. Her research areas are thin films and nanomaterials. She has published several scientific papers in national, international conferences and journals. He can be contacted at email: zainab.saad@uodiyala.edu.iq

  • Intesar H Hashim, Mustansiriyah University

    Dr. Intesar H. Hashim is a professor at the College of Education, Mustansiriyah University, Iraq. She received the B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees in physics from the College of Education, Mustansiriyah University in Iraq, and the Ph.D. degree from the same university, University College of Science. Her research areas are plasma physics and nanomaterials. She has published several scientific papers in national and international conferences and journals. She can be contacted at email: dr.intesarhato@uomustansiriyah.edu.iq

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Published

2026-04-30

Issue

Vol. 4 No. 2 (2026): Vo[ 4, Issue 2

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How to Cite

mahdi, zainab, Hashim, I. H., Jassim, N. M. ., & Harith Jaleel Rzoqi. (2026). A Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Hibiscus Extract for the Remediation of Polluted Diyala River. ASJ - Academic Science Journal, 4(2), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.24237/04.02.580

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