A Assessing the connection between rheumatoid arthritis and the interleukin IL36 level in tonsillitis patients in the Diyala Governorate
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24237/04.01.595Keywords:
E.coli, , UTIs, Antibiotics Resistance,, Genotyping, Multiplex PCR,.Abstract
This study investigated the relationship of IL-36 with tonsillitis and rheumatoid arthritis patients. Using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique. This study was conducted in Diyala Governorate from the beginning of October 2023 to the end of May 2024. 88 samples were collected and divided into four groups; their ages ranged between 8 and 10 years. The first group included 22 blood samples with rheumatoid arthritis, and the second group included 22 samples with acute and chronic tonsillitis. And the third group included 22 samples with tonsillitis and rheumatoid arthritis. In the fourth group, the controls included 22 samples from clinically healthy people. Their ages range from 21 to 60 years. The statistical results among study groups showed that the infection rate among females 18 (82.0%) higher than males 4 (18.0%) among patients with rheumatoid arthritis; the infection rate among females 16 (% 73.0) higher than males 6 (27.0%) among tonsillitis patients; and the infection rate for females 17 (77.0%) more than males 5 (23.0%) among patients with tonsillitis and rheumatoid arthritis. Results also showed that the infection rate among females 8 (36.0%) less than males (14, 64.0%) among controls. The current study results revealed increased level IL-36 with rheumatoid arthritis (551.83 ± 65.86) Pg/ML, patients with tonsillitis (271.15 ± 64.40) Pg/ML, and patients with tonsillitis and rheumatoid arthritis (279.53 ± 50.79) Pg/ML compared to controls (193.14 ± 21.04) Pg/ML. These results suggest IL36 increases with tonsillitis or rheumatoid arthritis, so it may have an anti-inflammatory effect.
Downloads
References
[1] K. Geißler, C. Weigel, K. Schubert, I. Rubio, & O. Guntinas-Lichius, “Cytokine production in patients with recurrent acute tonsillitis: analysis of tonsil samples and blood”. Scientific Reports, (2020). 10(1), 13006, d0i:10.1038/s41598-020-69981-1
[2] ] F. F. Rija , S. Z. Hussein, and M. A. Abdalla, Physiological and immunological disturbance in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Age (year), (2021). 18(50), 18-50, doi:https://dio.org/10.21123/bsj.2021.18.2.0247
[3] ] J. B. Kevin, H. Aileen, B. Elizabeth, IL-1 Family Members in Cancer; Two Sides to Every Story. Frontiers in Immunology, (2019). 10, 1197–. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01197.
[4] S. Z. Mai, C. J. Li, Xie, H. Xiong, M., Xu, F. Q. Zeng,... & Y. F. Han, Increased serum IL-36α nd IL-36γ levels in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: association with disease activity and arthritis. International immunopharmacology, (2018). 58, 103-108, doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2018.03.011.
[5] ] A. L. Buhl, & J. Wenzel, Interleukin-36 in infectious and inflammatory skin diseases. Frontiers in Immunology, (2019). 1162,doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01162
[6] N. S. Abdul-Sahib, M. M. Mahmood, & A. H. Ad’hiah, Aging considerations of cytokines (IL-18, IL-36α, IL-37, and IL-38) associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, (2024). doi:10.1080/2314808x.2024.2326315.
[7] M.N. Khadilkar, N.R. Ankle, Anaerobic Bacteriological Microbiota in Surface and Core of Tonsils in Chronic Tonsillitis . J ClinDiagn Res. (2016) . 10(11), doi:10.7860/JCDR/2016/22124.8819.
[8] A.W. Haidara , Y. Sidibé, D. Samaké, A. Coulibaly, M.K. Touré, B.B. Coulibaly, S. Soumaoro, B. Guindo, K. Diarra, K. Coulibaly, B. Sanogo , M. Kéïta, A.A Mohamed, Tonsillitis and Their Complications, (2019). doi:10.4236/IJOHNS.2019.83011.
[9] Favalli, Ennio Giulio; Biggioggero, Martina; Crotti, Chiara; Becciolini, Andrea; Raimondo, Maria Gabriella; Meroni, Pier Luigi Sex and Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology, (2018). doi:10.1007/s12016-018-8672-5
[10] S. B., Hassan, H. N. Abdullah, and K. Y. Zakair, The Role of IL-37 as an Anti- Inflammatory Biomarker in some Iraqi Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients and Its Correlation with DAS28. Journal of Techniques, 4(Special Issue), (2022). 123–127, doi:10.51173/jt.v4i33.708.
[11] S. Frey, A. Derer, M.-E. Messbacher, D. L. P. Baeten, S. Bugatti, C. Montecucco, G. Schett, A. J. Hueber, The novel cytokine interleukin-36 is expressed in psoriatic and rheumatoid arthritis synovium. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, (2013). 72(9), 1569–1574. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-202264. Epub2012 Des 25 .
[12] Z-C. Yuan, W-D. Xu, X-Y. Liu, A-F. Huang and L-C. Su, Biology of IL-36 Signaling and Its Role in Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, (2019) . doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.02532.
[13] J. B. Kevin, H. Aileen, B. Elizabeth, IL-1 Family Members in Cancer; Two Sides to Every Story. Frontiers in Immunology, (2019). 10, 1197–. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01197.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 CC BY 4.0

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.








