The correlation between glycated albumin levels and other biochemical markers as well as Atherogenic Index for diagnosis of diabetes mellites type 2

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a condition characterized by high blood glucose levels due to metabolic issues. Type 2 diabetes is linked to unfavorable blood lipids. Glycated albumin (GA) measures blood sugar levels, monitoring medication efficacy. From 1/12/2023 to 2/30/2024, 120 blood samples were collected from diabetic patients diagnosed by a specialist doctor at Baquba Teaching Hospital/Diyala Governorate. The samples were divided into two groups: irregular patients (60 patients aged between 35-77 years) and regular patients (20 patients aged 34-75 years). A control group (40 samples) was also collected. Blood samples were drawn and tested using EDTA tubes and gel tubes. BMI was calculated using a formula. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 25.0 and Graph pad prism version 6, with T-tests for normal or skewed data and one-way ANOVA for group comparisons. P values of < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The study analyzed the HbA1c screening test to identify individuals with obesity and heightened susceptibility to insulin resistance and diabetes. Participants were divided into two cohorts based on their HbA1c levels. The average age of the obese group was significantly higher than the control group. The study showed changes in fat levels, total cholesterol, triglyceride, atherogenic index, urea, creatinine levels, albumin levels, and glycated albumin (GA) levels between the two groups. No significant differences were found between the groups for albumin levels or glycated albumin (GA). the sensitivity and Specificity for lipid profile especially total cholesterol ( AUC = 0.918 , Sensitivity% = 82.50 , Specificity% = 80.00 )  , Triglyceride (   AUC = 0.8873 , Sensitivity% = 81.01 , Specificity% = 80.00 )  , but low specificity and sensitivity for albumin , urea and creatinine, ( AUC = 0.538 , Sensitivity% = 53.75  , Specificity% = 50.00 ), ( AUC =  0.6677 , Sensitivity% = 61.25 , Specificity% = 62.50  ), ( AUC = 0.6598  , Sensitivity% = 82.50 , Specificity% =  58.75 ) respectively .  Also in table 6 a highly  Sensitivity% and Specificity% in glycated albumin ( GA )  (AUC =  0.9717  , Sensitivity% =  88.75 , Specificity% =  87.50  )